Stress amplification during development of the tendon-to-bone attachment.
Stress amplification during development of the tendon-to-bone attachment.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10237-013-0548-2
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发表时间：
2014-10
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Genin, Guy M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Yanxin;Schwartz, Andrea G.;Birman, Victor;Thomopoulos, Stavros;Genin, Guy M.
机械应力是维持成人骨骼矿物质含量所必需的。然而，在发育中的新生小鼠中，尽管平均机械应力大大降低，但软组织的矿化仍在进行。对于成年人来说，这些减轻的负荷可能会导致骨质流失。虽然生化因素可以部分解释这些不同的反应，目前还不清楚如何矿化是在低负荷环境中启动。我们在这里展示了形态测量数据和初始建模的影响，支持以下假设：跨多个长度尺度的机械因素会放大应力，并且我们认为这些应力的水平足以促进发育中肌腱-骨附着点处矿化启动的机械信号。从矿化开始，矿物梯度在插入物上是明显的。这种分级从出生后早期到成年保持恒定的大小。在组织水平上，这种分级有助于降低成年动物的应力，并有助于新生动物的应力轻微升高。在细胞水平上，与成年动物相比，新生动物矿化软骨细胞周围的应力集中增强。在早期时间点细胞周围应力的增强可能有助于放大和降低负荷，以启动矿化。
Mechanical stress is necessary to sustain the mineral content of bone in adults. However, in a developing neonatal mouse, the mineralization of soft tissues progresses despite greatly reduced average mechanical stresses. In adults, these reduced loads would likely lead to bone loss. Although biochemical factors may partly explain these different responses, it is unclear how mineralization is initiated in low load environments. We present here the effect of morphometric data and initial modeling supporting a hypothesis that mechanical factors across several length scales amplify stresses, and we suggest that these stresses are of a level adequate to contribute to mechanical signaling for initiation of mineralization at the developing tendon-to-bone enthesis. A mineral gradient is evident across the insertion from the onset of mineralization. This grading maintains a constant size from early postnatal time points to adulthood. At the tissue level, this grading contributes to reduced stresses in an adult animal and to a minor elevation of stresses in a neonatal animal. At the cellular level, stress concentrations around mineralizing chondrocytes are enhanced in neonatal animals compared to adult animals. The enhancement of stresses around cells at early timepoints may serve to amplify and transduce low loads in order to initiate mineralization.
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