Support for benefit of physical activity on satiety, weight control, and diabetes risk.
Support for benefit of physical activity on satiety, weight control, and diabetes risk.
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支持体力活动对饱腹感、体重控制和糖尿病风险的益处。
DOI：
10.1001/archinternmed.2009.19
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kuo,Tony
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCarthy,WilliamJ;Kuo,Tony
最近在杂志1-3上发表的几篇文章研究了身体活动，饮食选择，肥胖风险和糖尿病风险之间关系的不同，互补的方面。我们认为，这些文章为定期锻炼的重要性提供了重要的支持，作为对饱腹感的短期影响和对糖尿病风险的长期影响。Tinker和她的同事们得出结论，三项随机对照糖尿病预防试验降低了糖尿病风险，而妇女健康倡议-DMT没有，部分原因是之前的三项试验在生活方式干预中包括了体力活动，而WHT-DMT没有。为什么增加体力活动会对饮食调整对糖尿病风险的影响产生如此大的影响？其中一个原因是，增加体力活动似乎可以改善食物偏好的健康程度，从而减少能量的被动过度消耗。[4]这一点通过Palmer及其同事2观察到的剂量反应模式得到了证明，在报告每周至少1小时体力活动的研究参与者比例增加和含糖苏打饮料消费量减少之间（拟合优度卡方（2）= 205.4，p<0.05）。0001）。总饮料摄入量通常会随着体力活动的增加而增加;因此，令人惊讶的是，随着报告体力活动的研究参与者比例的增加，平均含糖苏打饮料消费量实际上会下降。之前的研究表明，长时间的有氧体育活动会增加饮料的甜度。[4]如果我们假设市售苏打饮料的甜度适合久坐人群，那么重度锻炼者很可能会因为感觉到这些饮料的甜度过高而不喜欢这些市售饮料。Harding及其同事3还报告了体力活动受试者比例增加与血浆维生素C浓度五分位数之间的剂量反应关系。血浆维生素C是水果和蔬菜摄入量的有用生物标志物，因为90%的维生素C摄入量来自水果和蔬菜摄入量。摄入最低限度加工的水果和蔬菜，反过来，被认为是一种以更少的卡路里增加饱腹感的可持续方式，5从而导致持续减肥，这反过来又会降低糖尿病的风险。需要进行干预试验，以确认身体活动的性质和数量，以激励坚持这些文章已经证明可以保护健康成年人免受终身糖尿病风险的健康，高饱腹感的食物选择。
Several recent articles in the Journal 1-3 examined different, complementary facets of the relationship between physical activity, dietary choices, obesity risk and risk of diabetes mellitus. We believe that taken together, the articles provide important support for the importance of regular exercise as a short-term influence on satiety and long-term influence on diabetes risk. Tinker and her associates 1 concluded that three randomized controlled diabetes prevention trials reduced diabetes risk whereas the Womens Health Initiative-DMT did not, in part because the three previous trials had included physical activity in the lifestyle intervention wherease the WHT-DMT did not. Why should increasing physical activity make such a difference in the impact of dietary modification on risk of diabetes? One reason is that increased physical activity appears to improve the healthfulness of food preferences, thereby reducing passive overconsumption of energy. 4 This is evidenced by the doseresponse pattern observed by Palmer and her associates 2 between an increasing proportion of study participants reporting at least 1 hour per week of physical activity and decreasing consumption of sugar-sweetened soda beverages (goodness of fit chi square (2)= 205.4, p<. 0001). Total beverage intake usually increases with increasing physical activity; it is therefore striking to see average sugar-sweetened soda beverage consumption actually decrease with increasing proportion of study participants reporting physical activity. Previous research has demonstrated that long bouts of aerobic physical activity increase the perceived sweetness of beverages. 4 If we assume that commercial soda beverages have a sweetness optimized for a sedentary population, it is then likely that heavy exercisers will dislike these commercial beverages because of their perceived excessive sweetness. Harding and her associates 3 furthermore reported a dose-response relationship between an increasing proportion of subjects who were physically active and quintile of plasma vitamin C concentration. Plasma vitamin C is a useful biomarker for fruit and vegetable intake because 90% of vitamin C intake derives from fruit and vegetable intake. The intake of minimally processed fruit and vegetables, in turn, is becoming recognized as a sustainable way of increasing satiety with fewer calories, 5 thereby leading to the kind of sustained weight loss that should, in turn, reduce risk of diabetes. Intervention trials are needed to confirm the nature and quantity of physical activity needed to motivate adherence to the healthier, highsatiety food choices that these articles have demonstrated can protect healthy adults from lifetime risk of diabetes.
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