COVID-19 vaccinations are associated with reduced fatality rates: Evidence from cross-country quasi-experiments.
COVID-19 vaccinations are associated with reduced fatality rates: Evidence from cross-country quasi-experiments.
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DOI：
10.7189/jogh.11.05019
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Wu CY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liang LL;Kuo HS;Ho HJ;Wu CY
科学家已经在随机对照试验中证明了疫苗对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2的有效性。然而，在真实的世界中，COVID-19病死率（CFR）的降低在多大程度上归因于大规模疫苗接种仍不清楚。本研究评估了全球范围内COVID-19疫苗覆盖率与CFR的相关性。样本是2020年11月第一周至2021年4月第三周的90个国家的纵向数据集。CFR以每100例COVID-19确诊病例中的死亡人数衡量;疫苗覆盖率定义为总人口中每10人接受至少一剂疫苗的人数。数据来自开放获取的数据库，包括Our World in Data和Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker。使用了国家级随机效应模型;纳入了国家特征和非药物干预措施的一套全面变量。疫苗覆盖率增加10%与CFR降低7.6%相关（95%置信区间（CI = -12.6至-2.7%，P = 0.002））。在政府更有效（-8.3%; 95% CI = -13.6至-3.1%，P = 0.002）和交通基础设施质量更高（-8.1%; 95% CI = -13.3至-2.9%，P = 0.002）的国家，这种关联更强。此外，疫苗覆盖率以剂量依赖性方式与CFR降低相关。当疫苗接种率达到0.8 ~ 1.6、1.6 ~ 3.2和≥3.2/10人时，病死率下降12.7%（95 CI = -21.8 ~-3.6%，P = 0.006）、21.2%（95 CI = -33.9 ~-8.5%，P = 0.001）和31.3%（95 CI = -51.5 ~-11.0%，P = 0.002）。我们的研究结果提供了支持性证据，证明疫苗接种对预防感染者死亡至关重要。疫苗接种方案在某些国家产生了重大的健康效益。然而，在全球范围内，观察到的死亡率减少与可实现的死亡率减少之间仍存在很大差距。不断提高疫苗覆盖率对于将有效的疫苗转化为预期的健康结果至关重要。
Scientists have demonstrated the efficacy of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in randomized controlled trials. However, the extent to which reductions in COVID-19 case fatality ratio (CFR) are attributable to mass vaccination in the real world remains unclear. This study evaluated the association of COVID-19 vaccine coverage with CFR on a global scale. The sample was a longitudinal data set of 90 countries over 25 weeks, from the first week of November 2020 to the third week of April 2021. CFR was measured in deaths per 100 COVID-19 confirmed cases; vaccine coverage was defined as the number of people who received at least one vaccine dose per 10 people in the total population. Data were retrieved from open-access databases, including Our World in Data and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. A country-level random effects model was used; a comprehensive set of variables for country characteristics and nonpharmaceutical interventions were included. A 10% increase in vaccine coverage was associated with a 7.6% reduction in the CFR (95% confidence interval (CI = -12.6 to -2.7%, P = 0.002). This association was stronger in countries with more effective governments (-8.3%; 95% CI = -13.6 to -3.1%, P = 0.002) and higher transport infrastructure quality (-8.1%; 95% CI = -13.3 to -2.9%, P = 0.002). Moreover, the vaccine coverage was associated with a reduced CFR in a dose-dependent manner. When vaccine coverage achieved 0.8 to 1.6, 1.6 to 3.2 and ≥3.2 per 10 people, the CFR reduced by 12.7% (95 CI = -21.8 to -3.6%, P = 0.006), 21.2% (95 CI = -33.9 to -8.5%, P = 0.001) and 31.3% (95 CI = -51.5 to -11.0%, P = 0.002), respectively as compared with no vaccination. Our results provide supporting evidence that vaccination is critical to preventing deaths among infected people. Vaccination programmes have yielded significant health benefits in certain countries. However, globally, a large gap remains between observed and achievable fatality reductions. Continuous improvement in vaccine coverage will be critical to transforming efficacious vaccines into desired health outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32661-1
发表时间：
2021-01-09
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Voysey M;Clemens SAC;Madhi SA;Weckx LY;Folegatti PM;Aley PK;Angus B;Baillie VL;Barnabas SL;Bhorat QE;Bibi S;Briner C;Cicconi P;Collins AM;Colin-Jones R;Cutland CL;Darton TC;Dheda K;Duncan CJA;Emary KRW;Ewer KJ;Fairlie L;Faust SN;Feng S;Ferreira DM;Finn A;Goodman AL;Green CM;Green CA;Heath PT;Hill C;Hill H;Hirsch I;Hodgson SHC;Izu A;Jackson S;Jenkin D;Joe CCD;Kerridge S;Koen A;Kwatra G;Lazarus R;Lawrie AM;Lelliott A;Libri V;Lillie PJ;Mallory R;Mendes AVA;Milan EP;Minassian AM;McGregor A;Morrison H;Mujadidi YF;Nana A;O'Reilly PJ;Padayachee SD;Pittella A;Plested E;Pollock KM;Ramasamy MN;Rhead S;Schwarzbold AV;Singh N;Smith A;Song R;Snape MD;Sprinz E;Sutherland RK;Tarrant R;Thomson EC;Török ME;Toshner M;Turner DPJ;Vekemans J;Villafana TL;Watson MEE;Williams CJ;Douglas AD;Hill AVS;Lambe T;Gilbert SC;Pollard AJ;Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group
通讯作者：
Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group
DOI：
10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00012-8
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
The Lancet. Public health
影响因子：
--
作者：
Schwarzinger M;Watson V;Arwidson P;Alla F;Luchini S
通讯作者：
Luchini S
BNT162B2 mRNA COVID-19疫苗的安全性和功效。
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa2034577
发表时间：
2020-12-31
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Polack FP;Thomas SJ;Kitchin N;Absalon J;Gurtman A;Lockhart S;Perez JL;Pérez Marc G;Moreira ED;Zerbini C;Bailey R;Swanson KA;Roychoudhury S;Koury K;Li P;Kalina WV;Cooper D;Frenck RW Jr;Hammitt LL;Türeci Ö;Nell H;Schaefer A;Ünal S;Tresnan DB;Mather S;Dormitzer PR;Şahin U;Jansen KU;Gruber WC;C4591001 Clinical Trial Group
通讯作者：
C4591001 Clinical Trial Group
DOI：
10.1126/science.abe2803
发表时间：
2020-09-11
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Emanuel EJ;Persad G;Kern A;Buchanan A;Fabre C;Halliday D;Heath J;Herzog L;Leland RJ;Lemango ET;Luna F;McCoy MS;Norheim OF;Ottersen T;Schaefer GO;Tan KC;Wellman CH;Wolff J;Richardson HS
通讯作者：
Richardson HS
DOI：
10.1093/cid/ciab079
发表时间：
2021-12-16
期刊：
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
影响因子：
--
作者：
Moghadas SM;Vilches TN;Zhang K;Wells CR;Shoukat A;Singer BH;Meyers LA;Neuzil KM;Langley JM;Fitzpatrick MC;Galvani AP
通讯作者：
Galvani AP