Implicit-Bias Remedies: Treating Discriminatory Bias as a Public-Health Problem.
Implicit-Bias Remedies: Treating Discriminatory Bias as a Public-Health Problem.
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DOI：
10.1177/15291006211070781
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发表时间：
2022-05
影响因子：
25.4
通讯作者：
Teachman, Bethany A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenwald, Anthony G.;Dasgupta, Nilanjana;Dovidio, John F.;Kang, Jerry;Moss-Racusin, Corinne A.;Teachman, Bethany A.
隐性偏见与歧视性判断和行为相关的研究积累的结果使许多社会科学家得出结论，隐性偏见在种族和其他歧视中发挥着因果作用。反过来，这种信念促进并维持了开发补救措施的两条工作线：(a) 旨在削弱或消除隐性偏见的个人治疗干预措施；(b) 集体管理的培训计划，以普遍克服偏见，包括隐性偏见。我们对这两种寻求的补救措施的研究回顾发现，它们缺乏持久减少隐性偏见的既定方法，并且没有可重复地减少隐性（或其他）偏见的歧视性后果。这一令人失望的结论促使我们转向基于公共卫生领域成功方法的策略。预防措施旨在阻止隐性偏见导致歧视性结果。差异发现方法旨在发现有时具有明显解决方案的差异，或者至少表明开发解决方案的责任应在何处。差异发现方法的优点是不仅可用于纠正隐性偏见，而且还可用于纠正系统性偏见。对于这两类偏见，歧视性结果的原因在很大程度上被理解为存在于个体行为者的意识之外。最后，我们提出建议，以指导那些希望解决尚未找到解决方案的偏见的组织。
Accumulated findings from studies in which implicit-bias measures correlate with discriminatory judgment and behavior have led many social scientists to conclude that implicit biases play a causal role in racial and other discrimination. In turn, that belief has promoted and sustained two lines of work to develop remedies: (a) individual treatment interventions expected to weaken or eradicate implicit biases and (b) group-administered training programs to overcome biases generally, including implicit biases. Our review of research on these two types of sought remedies finds that they lack established methods that durably diminish implicit biases and have not reproducibly reduced discriminatory consequences of implicit (or other) biases. That disappointing conclusion prompted our turn to strategies based on methods that have been successful in the domain of public health. Preventive measures are designed to disable the path from implicit biases to discriminatory outcomes. Disparity-finding methods aim to discover disparities that sometimes have obvious fixes, or that at least suggest where responsibility should reside for developing a fix. Disparity-finding methods have the advantage of being useful in remediation not only for implicit biases but also systemic biases. For both of these categories of bias, causes of discriminatory outcomes are understood as residing in large part outside the conscious awareness of individual actors. We conclude with recommendations to guide organizations that wish to deal with biases for which they have not yet found solutions.
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影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Asendorpf, JB;Banse, R;Mücke, D
通讯作者：
Mücke, D
抑郁症的认知治疗有何变化？对认知治疗技能和适应不良信念的检查。
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Adler, Abby D.;Strunk, Daniel R.;Fazio, Russell H.
通讯作者：
Fazio, Russell H.
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
Blanton, Hart;Jaccard, James;Tetlock, Philip E.
通讯作者：
Tetlock, Philip E.
影响因子：
12.6
作者：
Connor, Paul;Evers, Ellen R. K.
通讯作者：
Evers, Ellen R. K.
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Cvencek, Dario;Greenwald, Anthony G.;Meltzoff, Andrew N.
通讯作者：
Meltzoff, Andrew N.