Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids.
Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids.
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DOI：
10.3390/md19040188
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发表时间：
2021-03-27
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Prieto MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pereira AG;Otero P;Echave J;Carreira-Casais A;Chamorro F;Collazo N;Jaboui A;Lourenço-Lopes C;Simal-Gandara J;Prieto MA
藻类被认为是产生色素的生物。这些化合物在藻类中的功能是进行光合作用。它们有各种各样的色素，可以分为三大类：叶绿素，类胡萝卜素和藻胆素。类胡萝卜素中含有叶黄素。叶黄素（岩藻黄素、虾青素、叶黄素、玉米黄素和β-隐黄素）是一类具有抗肿瘤和抗炎活性的类胡萝卜素，这是由于它们的化学结构富含双键，这为它们提供了抗氧化特性。在这种情况下，叶黄素可以通过各种机制关闭单线态氧损伤来保护其他分子免受氧化应激的影响。本文以临床研究为基础，综述了藻类中主要叶黄素类化合物的生物活性和生物学效应。此外，研究了具有不同感兴趣化合物的最高生产率的藻类。据观察，岩藻黄素主要得自褐色海藻海带、裙带菜、羊栖菜、马尾藻属，和墨角藻属（Fucus spp.）虾青素的主要来源是微藻雨生红球藻（Haematococcus pluvialis）、小球藻（Chlorella zofingiensis）和绿球藻（Chlorococcum sp.）。叶黄素和玉米黄质主要存在于藻类物种如栅藻属（Scenedesmus spp.）小球藻属，红藻属，或螺旋藻属（Spirulina spp.）然而，从藻类中提取和纯化叶黄素的过程需要标准化，以促进其商业化。最后，我们评估了决定这些分子的生物利用度和生物可接受性的因素。我们还提出了增加叶黄素生物利用度的技术。
Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms. The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis. They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls. Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties. In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms. Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae. In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied. It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp., and Fucus spp. The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp. Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp., Chlorella spp., Rhodophyta spp., or Spirulina spp. However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization. Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules. We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability.
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影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Bernaerts, Tom M. M.;Verstreken, Heleen;Van Loey, Ann M.
通讯作者：
Van Loey, Ann M.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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Pedrosa, Rui
影响因子：
3.4
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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