Hydrolytic fate of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside during digestion.
Hydrolytic fate of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside during digestion.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.08.006
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发表时间：
2011-10-30
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Adam G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berthiller F;Krska R;Domig KJ;Kneifel W;Juge N;Schuhmacher R;Adam G
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷（D3 G）在消化过程中水解为脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇。CD 3G对人类表达的酸和酶具有抗性。β-D3 G被纤维素酶和纤维二糖酶部分切割。一些肠道细菌从D3 G释放脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇。D3 G具有毒理学相关性，应在食品中进行监测。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-β-d-葡萄糖苷（D3 G）是镰刀菌真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）的植物II期代谢物，存在于自然污染的小麦、玉米、燕麦、大麦及其产品中。虽然被认为是植物中的解毒产品，但该物质对哺乳动物的毒性目前尚不清楚。一个主要的问题是在哺乳动物消化过程中D3 G缀合物可能水解回其毒性前体真菌毒素DON。我们使用体外模型系统来研究D3 G对酸性条件、水解酶和肠道细菌的稳定性，模拟消化的不同阶段。发现D3 G在37 °C下对0.2M盐酸具有至少24小时的抗性，这表明它在哺乳动物的胃中不会水解。虽然人胞质β-葡糖苷酶也没有影响，但真菌纤维素酶和纤维二糖酶制剂可以切割D3 G的显著部分。最重要的是，几种乳酸菌，如肠球菌durans，肠球菌mundtii或植物乳杆菌显示出高的能力，水解D3 G。综上所述，这些数据表明D3 G具有毒理学相关性，应视为掩蔽真菌毒素。
► Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) is hydrolyzed to deoxynivalenol during digestion. ► D3G is resistant to acids and enzymes expressed by humans. ► D3G is partly cleaved by cellulase and cellobiase. ► Several intestinal bacteria liberate deoxynivalenol from D3G. ► D3G is of toxicological relevance and should be monitored in food. Deoxynivalenol-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G), a plant phase II metabolite of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), occurs in naturally contaminated wheat, maize, oat, barley and products thereof. Although considered as a detoxification product in plants, the toxicity of this substance in mammals is currently unknown. A major concern is the possible hydrolysis of the D3G conjugate back to its toxic precursor mycotoxin DON during mammalian digestion. We used in vitro model systems to investigate the stability of D3G to acidic conditions, hydrolytic enzymes and intestinal bacteria, mimicking different stages of digestion. D3G was found resistant to 0.2 M hydrochloric acid for at least 24 h at 37 °C, suggesting that it will not be hydrolyzed in the stomach of mammals. While human cytosolic β-glucosidase also had no effect, fungal cellulase and cellobiase preparations could cleave a significant portion of D3G. Most importantly, several lactic acid bacteria such as Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus mundtii or Lactobacillus plantarum showed a high capability to hydrolyze D3G. Taken together these data indicate that D3G is of toxicological relevance and should be regarded as a masked mycotoxin.
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