Conservation agriculture enhances resistance of maize to climate stress in a Malawian medium-term trial

Conservation agriculture enhances resistance of maize to climate stress in a Malawian medium-term trial
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在马拉维的一项中期试验中,保护性农业增强了玉米对气候胁迫的抵抗力

DOI:
10.1016/j.agee.2018.07.009
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Steward P
Steward P
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Steward P

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南部非洲的小农农业需要气候智能型农业方法来适应当前的气候压力和气候变化,以及未来全球气候变化带来的日益增加的风险。人们提出了一系列气候智能系统,基于最小土壤扰动、作物残茬保留和作物轮作的保护性农业(CA)就是其中之一。2007年在马拉维建立的一项CA试验在2015-2016 (El Niño)和2016-2017 (La Niña)种植季进行,以评估不同CA玉米系统在开花期气候相关胁迫下的表现和抗性,开花期是气候敏感的生长阶段。利用大型露天棚模拟白天温度升高和季节干旱18-19天和27天。CA系统比传统耕作方式更能抵抗花期周围的气候压力,因为CA系统比传统耕作方式表现出更强的抗旱性。这表现在自然干旱(El Niño)或19 d模拟干旱条件下CA玉米籽粒产量、生物量产量或收获指数较高。然而,在27 d干旱模拟下,CA的抗性效益不再显著。作物多样化提高了CA系统对气候胁迫的抗性,当多样化是随时间(轮作)而不是空间(间作)时,这种抗性更强。在所有年份,CA系统的产量都大大超过传统做法,这突出了在雨棚试验开始之前中期(8年)CA管理的好处。我们从自然和模拟干旱条件中得到的结果证实,CA系统可以提高对与预测的全球气候变化相关的气候压力风险增加的适应能力。我们的研究表明,大规模雨棚是一种有用的手段,可以加速我们对长期农业管理实践如何增强对气候压力的抵抗力的理解。
Smallholder farming in southern African needs climate-smart agricultural approaches to adapt to current climate stress and climate variability, and increasing risk of these under future global climate change. There are a range of climate-smart systems that have been proposed and conservation agriculture (CA) based on minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention and crop rotation is one of them. A CA trial established in 2007 in Malawi was used during cropping -seasons 2015–2016 (El Niño) and 2016–2017 (La Niña) to assess the performance and resistance of different CA maize systems under climate-related stress at anthesis, a climate sensitive growth stage. Largein-siturainout shelters were used to simulate increased daytime temperatures and in-season droughts of 18–19 days and 27 days. CA systems better resisted climate stress around anthesis than conventional tillage practices as CA systems showed greater resistance to drought than conventional practice. This was expressed by higher CA maize grain yields, biomass yields or harvest index under conditions of natural (El Niño) or 19 day simulated drought. However, under 27 day drought simulation the resistance benefit of CA was no-longer significant. Crop diversification improved the resistance of CA systems to climate stress, more so when diversification was over time (rotation) than in space (intercropping). In all years CA systems substantially outyielded conventional practice, this highlights the benefits of medium-term (eight years) CA management before the rainout shelter experiment started. Our results from natural and simulated drought conditions confirm that CA systems can increase adaptive capacity to an increased risk of climate stress associated with projected global climate change. We show that large-scale rainout shelters are a useful means of accelerating our understanding of how long-term agricultural management practices can enhance resistance to climate stresses.
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