Pelagic tunicate grazing on marine microbes revealed by integrative approaches

Pelagic tunicate grazing on marine microbes revealed by integrative approaches
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综合方法揭示了中上层被囊动物对海洋微生物的吃草

DOI:
10.1002/lno.11979
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Thompson, Anne W.
Thompson, Anne W.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sutherland, Kelly R.;Thompson, Anne W.

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海洋微生物占海洋碳的很大一部分,是全球生物地球化学循环的核心角色。然而,在我们对决定微生物群落命运、分布和群落结构的过程的理解方面,仍然存在重大差距。原生生物和病毒被认为是微生物环路的一部分,也是微生物死亡的来源。然而,海洋和沿海环境中丰富的海洋和沿海环境中大量存在的中上层被毛类(盐类、杜鹃类、火焰体和附肢动物),它们消耗的微生物个体放牧率高于其他常见食草动物,它们在控制微生物群落、分布和生态系统中的通量方面的作用仍然被低估。尽管由于这些无处不在的食草动物的脆弱性质和零星分布而面临抽样挑战,但方法学方面的最新发展加深了对这些无处不在的食草动物的放牧率和选择性的了解。下一代测序、定量聚合酶链式反应、高分辨率摄像、改进的显微镜、生物标记物和原位方法正在改变我们对中上层被毛类在决定微生物群落命运和功能中所起作用的知识。在这里,我们综述了近年来关于中上层被衣藻放牧的研究,重点介绍了新的方法及其在中上层被衣藻类群中的应用。这些研究的综合结果表明,中上层被毛类在控制海洋微生物群落方面发挥了重要作用。中上层被衣类类群之间的比较表明,在猎物选择性方面存在重要差异,这将影响这些食草动物如何被纳入全球模型。这些方法的应用和整合将产生持续的洞察力,最终目标是阐明中上层被毛类在微生物环路和生物泵中的独特作用。
Marine microorganisms comprise a large fraction of ocean carbon and are central players in global biogeochemical cycling. Significant gaps remain, however, in our understanding of processes that determine the fate, distribution, and community structure of microbial communities. Protists and viruses are accepted as being part of the microbial loop and a source of microbial mortality. However, pelagic tunicates (salps, doliolods, pyrosomes, and appendicularians), which are abundant in oceanic and coastal environments and consume microorganisms with higher individual grazing rates than other common grazers, remain underappreciated in their role controlling microbial communities, distributions, and flux through ecosystems. In spite of sampling challenges owing to their fragile nature and patchy distributions, recent developments in methodology have deepened understanding of grazing rates and selectivity of these ubiquitous grazers. Next‐generation sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, high‐resolution videography, improved microscopy, biomarkers, and in situ approaches are transforming our knowledge on the role of pelagic tunicates in determining the fate and function of microbial communities. Here, we review recent research on pelagic tunicate grazing with a focus on newer methodologies and their application across pelagic tunicate taxa. Synthesis of these studies points to a major role for pelagic tunicates in the control of marine microbial communities. Comparisons between pelagic tunicate taxa indicate important differences in prey selectivity, which will impact how these grazers are incorporated into global models. Application and integration of these methods will produce continued insights with the ultimate goal of illuminating the unique role of pelagic tunicates in the microbial loop and biological pump.
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