Multifaceted roles of cohesin in regulating transcriptional loops.

Multifaceted roles of cohesin in regulating transcriptional loops.
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粘连蛋白在调节转录环中的多方面作用。

DOI:
10.1101/2024.03.25.586715
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发表时间:
2024
期刊:
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ruan,Yijun
Ruan,Yijun
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kim,Minji;Wang,Ping;Clow,PatriciaA;Chien,IEli;Wang,Xiaotao;Peng,Jianhao;Chai,Haoxi;Liu,Xiyuan;Lee,Byoungkoo;Ngan,ChewYee;Yue,Feng;Milenkovic,Olgica;Chuang,JeffreyH;Wei,Chia-Lin;Casellas,Rafael;Cheng,AlbertW;Ruan,Yijun

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染色质环的形成需要内聚蛋白。然而,它在调节基因转录中的确切作用在很大程度上仍然未知。我们利用人类细胞的单分子定位和活细胞成像方法研究了内聚蛋白和RNA聚合酶II (RNAPII)之间的关系。内聚蛋白介导的转录环与RNAPII的转录环高度相关,并遵循基因转录的方向。耗尽内聚蛋白亚基RAD21,导致细胞类型特异性基因的远端(超)增强子和启动子之间的远程(>100 kb)环丢失。相比之下,短距离(<50 kb)环对RAD21缺失和连接的基因不敏感,这些基因主要是管家。这一结果解释了为什么只有一小部分基因受到由于内聚蛋白耗损而导致的远程染色质相互作用丧失的影响。值得注意的是,RAD21缺失可以上调DNA复制早期起始区(EIZ)的基因,并且在没有RAD21的情况下,EIZ信号被大幅放大。我们的研究结果揭示了内聚蛋白在建立转录环、保存细胞特异性基因的远程染色质相互作用和维持DNA复制及时顺序方面的多方面作用的新的机制见解。
Cohesin is required for chromatin loop formation. However, its precise role in regulating gene transcription remains largely unknown. We investigated the relationship between cohesin and RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) using single-molecule mapping and live-cell imaging methods in human cells. Cohesin-mediated transcriptional loops were highly correlated with those of RNAPII and followed the direction of gene transcription. Depleting RAD21, a subunit of cohesin, resulted in the loss of long-range (>100 kb) loops between distal (super-)enhancers and promoters of cell-type-specific genes. By contrast, the short-range (<50 kb) loops were insensitive to RAD21 depletion and connected genes that are mostly housekeeping. This result explains why only a small fraction of genes are affected by the loss of long-range chromatin interactions due to cohesin depletion. Remarkably, RAD21 depletion appeared to up-regulate genes located in early initiation zones (EIZ) of DNA replication, and the EIZ signals were amplified drastically without RAD21. Our results revealed new mechanistic insights of cohesin’s multifaceted roles in establishing transcriptional loops, preserving long-range chromatin interactions for cell-specific genes, and maintaining timely order of DNA replication.
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