Measuring gun violence in police data sources: transitioning to NIBRS.
Measuring gun violence in police data sources: transitioning to NIBRS.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40621-022-00376-8
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发表时间：
2022-05-02
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Parker ST
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parker ST
在美国，大多数枪支暴力不会造成身体伤害，因此不能完全用医院数据来衡量。为了全面衡量枪支暴力的范围，美国的犯罪报告系统至关重要，该系统收集警方对枪支犯罪的报告。然而，犯罪数据报告惯例可能低估了美国的枪支暴力。本文比较了犯罪数据来源，以评估对枪支暴力的低估。2019年，对联邦调查局的摘要报告系统（SRS）和国家基于事件的报告系统（NIBRS）的枪支暴力措施进行了比较，以便各州向这两个系统全面报告数据。与NIBRS相比，SRS中的枪支暴力被低估了。在样本中，NIBRS记录了18.8%的枪支严重袭击和2.1%的枪支抢劫。在两种调查中，使用枪支的袭击和抢劫的比例并没有什么不同。如果NIBRS样本中记录的额外枪支暴力事件与国家犯罪报告一致，那么NIBRS每年捕获的额外枪支暴力事件总数约为65,071起，即每天额外178起枪支暴力事件。在增加的枪支暴力事件中，大约31%是由于遗漏的犯罪类别，其余的变化主要是由使用枪支的严重攻击造成的。警方数据是估计枪支暴力全部范围的重要数据来源。警方数据来源之间的比较表明，使用枪支的犯罪比例没有变化。然而，由于犯罪报告惯例，枪支暴力事件的数量可能被大大低估了。尽管在测量枪支暴力方面有优势，但机构参与NIBRS的程度低得惊人，并危及准确可靠的国家犯罪数据。
The majority of gun violence in the United States does not result in physical injury and therefore cannot be completely measured using hospital data. To measure the full scope of gun violence, the nation’s crime reporting systems that collect police reports of crimes committed with a firearm are vital. However, crime data reporting conventions may underestimate gun violence in the U.S. This paper compares crime data sources to assess underestimation of gun violence. The Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Summary Reporting System (SRS) and National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) measures of gun violence were compared in 2019 for states comprehensively reporting data to both systems. Gun violence is underestimated in the SRS compared to NIBRS. Within the sample, 18.8% more aggravated assaults with a firearm are recorded and 2.1% more robberies with a firearm are recorded in NIBRS. The proportion of assaults and robberies committed with a firearm measured in both sources did not differ. If the additional gun violence events recorded in the NIBRS sample are consistent with national crime reporting, the number of additional gun violence events per year captured using NIBRS totals approximately 65,071 additional events, or an additional 178 gun violence events per day. Of the additional gun violence events, approximately 31% are due to omitted crime categories, with the remaining variation driven mostly by aggravated assaults with a firearm. Police data are important data sources for estimating the full scope of gun violence. Comparisons between police data sources suggest that the proportion of crimes committed with a firearm is unchanged. Due to crime reporting conventions, however, the number of gun violence events may be substantially understated. Despite advantages in measuring gun violence, agency participation in NIBRS is alarmingly low and jeopardizes accurate and reliable national crime data.
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Gani, Faiz;Sakran, Joseph V.;Canner, Joseph K.
通讯作者：
Canner, Joseph K.
影响因子：
5.1
作者：
Fowler KA;Dahlberg LL;Haileyesus T;Annest JL
通讯作者：
Annest JL
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Strom, Kevin J.;Smith, Erica L.
通讯作者：
Smith, Erica L.