Effects of codon usage on gene expression are promoter context dependent.

Effects of codon usage on gene expression are promoter context dependent.
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密码子使用对基因表达的影响取决于启动子环境

DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkaa1253
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发表时间:
2021-01-25
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Liu Y
Liu Y
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yang Q;Lyu X;Zhao F;Liu Y

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摘要密码子使用偏向是所有基因组的普遍特征。虽然密码子的使用已经被证明通过影响真核生物中的mRNA衰退和转录来调节mRNA和蛋白质的水平,但在哺乳动物细胞中几乎没有发现密码子使用与mRNA水平之间的全基因组相关性,这使得人们对密码子使用对基因表达的影响的重要性产生了怀疑。在这里,我们表明,基因特异性调节减少了全基因组密码子的使用和mRNA的相关性:从真菌到人类细胞,结构性表达的基因表现出比差异表达的基因更高的全基因组相关性。以果蝇S2细胞为模型系统,我们发现密码子的使用对基因表达水平的影响是启动子依赖的。差异表达基因核心启动子下游区域可以抑制密码子使用对mRNA表达的影响。Hsp70启动子中的一个元件被认为是这种抑制作用的必要条件和充分条件。启动子依赖的密码子使用对mRNA水平的影响是通过调节组蛋白修饰、核小体密度和提前终止在转录水平上调节的。总之,我们的结果表明,启动子在决定密码子使用是否影响基因表达方面发挥了重要作用,并进一步建立了转录依赖的密码子使用对基因表达的影响。
Abstract Codon usage bias is a universal feature of all genomes. Although codon usage has been shown to regulate mRNA and protein levels by influencing mRNA decay and transcription in eukaryotes, little or no genome-wide correlations between codon usage and mRNA levels are detected in mammalian cells, raising doubt on the significance of codon usage effect on gene expression. Here we show that gene-specific regulation reduces the genome-wide codon usage and mRNA correlations: Constitutively expressed genes exhibit much higher genome-wide correlations than differentially expressed genes from fungi to human cells. Using Drosophila S2 cells as a model system, we showed that the effect of codon usage on mRNA expression level is promoter-dependent. Regions downstream of the core promoters of differentially expressed genes can repress the codon usage effects on mRNA expression. An element in the Hsp70 promoter was identified to be necessary and sufficient for this inhibitory effect. The promoter-dependent codon usage effects on mRNA levels are regulated at the transcriptional level through modulation of histone modifications, nucleosome densities and premature termination. Together, our results demonstrate that promoters play a major role in determining whether codon usage influences gene expression and further establish the transcription-dependent codon usage effects on gene expression.
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