Neoliberalism, the University, Public Goods and Agricultural Innovation

Neoliberalism, the University, Public Goods and Agricultural Innovation
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新自由主义、大学、公共产品和农业创新

DOI:
10.1111/soru.12074
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
影响因子:
4.1
通讯作者:
Glenna L
Glenna L
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Glenna L

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第二次世界大战后,大多数工业化国家采用了某种形式的福利国家方法来平衡自利主体的经济活动和社会福利。在科学研究和创新领域,这通常意味着政府承担了资助公共研究机构的主要责任,包括研究型大学和政府实验室。然而,在过去的四十年中,私人资助农业研究的重要性有所增加,学术科学家现在经常在公私合作伙伴关系中工作。我们认为,这种趋势需要仔细监测,因为在这种安排中,公共产品很可能被忽视和低估。为了制定监测这一趋势的指标,我们记录了美国、英国、爱尔兰和德国四个国家对农业研究和农业创新的公共和私人资助情况。我们的研究结果表明,虽然新自由主义在每个国家都很明显,但它的应用和影响并不相同,这表明国家和制度背景很重要。本文旨在激发关于大学研究、农业创新和公共产品之间关系的辩论。
After World War II, most industrialising nations adopted some form of welfare‐state approach to balance the economic activities of self‐interested agents and social welfare. In the realm of scientific research and innovation, this often meant that governments took primary responsibility for funding public research organisations, including research universities and government laboratories. Over the past four decades, however, the significance of private funding for agricultural research has increased, and academic scientists now often work in public‐private partnerships. We argue that this trend needs to be carefully monitored because public goods are likely to be overlooked and undervalued in such arrangements. In the interest of developing indicators to monitor the trend, we document public and private funding for agricultural research and agricultural innovation in four countries: the USA, the UK, Ireland and Germany. Our results show that although neoliberalism is evident in each country, it is not homogeneous in its application and impacts, suggesting that national and institutional contexts matter. This article is directed at stimulating debates on the relationships between university research, agricultural innovation and public goods.
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