Intermittent streamflow generation in a merokarst headwater catchment

Intermittent streamflow generation in a merokarst headwater catchment
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微岩溶源头流域的间歇性水流生成

DOI:
10.1039/d2va00191h
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Environmental Science: Advances
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kirk, Matthew F.
Kirk, Matthew F.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hatley, Camden M.;Armijo, Brooklyn;Andrews, Katherine;Anhold, Christa;Nippert, Jesse B.;Kirk, Matthew F.

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间歇性的源头河流非常容易受到环境干扰,但这些水资源的有效管理需要首先了解产生径流的机制。本研究探讨机制管理径流产生的merokarst地形,一种类型的碳酸盐地形,覆盖了美国中部的大部分地区,但在水文研究中得到了相对较少的关注。我们在2021年夏季对降水、溪流水和地下水进行了高频采样,以量化不同水源对径流的贡献,并描述了Konza Prairie生物站(美国堪萨斯)1.2平方公里merokarst流域的短期动态。使用稳定的水同位素和溶解离子的混合计算表明,径流绝大多数是由薄(1-2米)石灰岩含水层的地下水排放,即使在潮湿的时期,当土壤水和地表径流一般预计是更重要的。含水层中的水头和它们对径流的贡献之间的关系在研究期间的早期不同,后来,一场大风暴发生后,这表明有一个临界阈值的地下水储存的基岩需要达到完全连接到流之前。此外,从每个石灰岩单元的贡献在研究期间的变化,在响应其水文地质特性和/或其地层位置的差异,这反过来又影响了径流的长度和它的组成。综上所述,我们认为地下蓄水阈值和含水层性质的变化是地下岩溶水源集水区水流不稳定性的主要控制因素。
Intermittent headwater streams are highly vulnerable to environmental disturbances, but effective management of these water resources requires first understanding the mechanisms that generate streamflow. This study examined mechanisms governing streamflow generation in merokarst terrains, a type of carbonate terrain that covers much of the central United States yet has received relatively little attention in hydrological studies. We used high-frequency sampling of precipitation, stream water, and groundwater during summer 2021 to quantify the contributions to streamflow from different water sources and characterize their short-term dynamics in a 1.2 km2 merokarst catchment at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (Kansas, USA). Mixing calculations using stable water isotopes and dissolved ions indicate that streamflow is overwhelmingly contributed by groundwater discharge from thin (1–2 m) limestone aquifers, even during wet periods, when soil water and surface runoff are generally expected to be more important. Relationships between hydraulic heads in the aquifers and their contributions to streamflow differed early in the study period compared to later, after a major storm occurred, suggesting there is a critical threshold of groundwater storage that the bedrock needs to attain before fully connecting to the stream. Furthermore, contributions from each limestone unit varied during the study period in response to differences in their hydrogeological properties and/or their stratigraphic position, which in turn impacted both the length of streamflow and its composition. Taken together, we interpret that the subsurface storage threshold and variation in aquifer properties are major controllers of flow intermittency in merokarst headwater catchments.
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