Expected Free Energy Formalizes Conflict Underlying Defense in Freudian Psychoanalysis.
Expected Free Energy Formalizes Conflict Underlying Defense in Freudian Psychoanalysis.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01264
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Connolly P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Connolly P
弗洛伊德对心灵的核心兴趣是动态无意识：由于冲突而无意识的心灵部分（弗洛伊德，）。在他的职业生涯中，弗洛伊德对冲突的描述多种多样：对激活释放的反对（弗洛伊德，），对由于释放不愉快而导致的心理活动的反对（弗洛伊德，），主要原则与现实原则之间的反对（弗洛伊德，），本我、自我和超我之间的结构性冲突（弗洛伊德，），以及矛盾心理（弗洛伊德，）。除了对冲突的描述难以改变之外，一个潜在的问题仍然是情绪、思想、意图或愿望可能相互冲突的特定共享领域（冲突的神经同源物），尤其是它们如何在该领域中作为对立的量存在。弗里斯顿的自由能原理（FEP此后）连接到弗里斯顿的工作（弗里斯顿等人，;弗里斯顿）为心理学、神经科学和相关领域提供了一个强大的统一理论的潜力，该理论已被证明与精神分析概念具有巨大的一致性（霍普金斯）。霍普金斯利用霍布森等人的公式，表明，冲突可能是潜在的量化为自由能源从FEP的角度来看。最近，弗里斯顿等人的工作将行动的选择框定为在不同行动政策下预期自由能的梯度下降。从这个角度来看，本文描述了冲突如何可能被正式化为一种情况，即反对的行动政策有类似的预期自由能，例如由Panksepp描述的竞争基本原型情感系统驱动的行动之间。这种冲突状态在未来可以通过更新一组特定的关于结果的先验信念的相对精确度来避免：这导致在未来的情况下倾向于支持一种行动策略而不是其他策略，类似于防御的情况。通过充当对人的进一步发展的限制，防御性操作可以变得根深蒂固，并且抵抗改变。这种形式化的精神分析的影响进行了探讨。
Freud's core interest in the psyche was the dynamic unconscious: that part of the psyche which is unconscious due to conflict (Freud,). Over the course of his career, Freud variously described conflict as an opposition to the discharge of activation (Freud,), opposition to psychic activity due to the release of unpleasure (Freud,), opposition between the primary principle and the reality principle (Freud,), structural conflict between id, ego, and superego (Freud,), and ambivalence (Freud,). Besides this difficulty of the shifting description of conflict, an underlying question remained the specific shared terrain in which emotions, thoughts, intentions or wishes could come into conflict with one another (the neuronal homolog of conflict), and most especially how they may exist as quantities in opposition within that terrain. Friston's free-energy principle (FEP henceforth) connected to the work of Friston (Friston et al.,; Friston,) has provided the potential for a powerful unifying theory in psychology, neuroscience, and related fields that has been shown to have tremendous consilience with psychoanalytic concepts (Hopkins,). Hopkins, drawing on a formulation by Hobson et al., suggests that conflict may be potentially quantifiable as free energy from a FEP perspective. More recently, work by Friston et al. has framed the selection of action as a gradient descent of expected free energy under different policies of action. From this perspective, the article describes how conflict could potentially be formalized as a situation where opposing action policies have similar expected free energy, for example between actions driven by competing basic prototype emotion systems as described by Panksepp. This conflict state may be avoided in the future through updating the relative precision of a particular set of prior beliefs about outcomes: this has the result of tending to favor one of the policies of action over others in future instances, a situation analogous to defense. Through acting as a constraint on the further development of the person, the defensive operation can become entrenched, and resistant to alteration. The implications that this formalization has for psychoanalysis is explored.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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