Host Resistance and Immune Aging.
Host Resistance and Immune Aging.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cger.2016.02.007
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发表时间：
2016-08
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Shaw AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bandaranayake T;Shaw AC
随着年龄的增长，免疫功能发生了重大变化，导致对病原体或疫苗的反应受损。因此，老年人因感染性疾病和疫苗接种反应受损而发病和死亡的风险增加1。显然，非免疫因素也会导致这些不良结果;例如，与年龄相关的胸壁力学和肺弹性变化可能影响呼吸力学，药物可能影响咳嗽-所有潜在的呼吸道感染风险因素2。然而，很明显，免疫变化影响宿主对感染的防御。衰老的免疫系统的特征在于多种改变，包括发育障碍、信号传导减少以及抗原暴露史对慢性炎症和抗原受体库多样性的影响-所有这些都导致对病原体或疫苗的免疫激活缺陷。然而，老年先天免疫系统也显示出大量的炎症失调与矛盾的提高促炎性环境，这可能是由内源性刺激与细胞损伤。在这里，我们概述了与年龄相关的人类宿主防御变化，重点是老年人病原体或疫苗的后果。
With age, immunologic function changes substantially, resulting in impaired responses to pathogens or vaccines. As a result, older adults are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases and impaired responses to vaccination 1. Clearly, nonimmunologic factors also contribute to these adverse outcomes; for example, age-related changes in chest wall mechanics and lung elasticity may affect respiratory mechanics and medications may affect cough—all potential contributors to respiratory infection risk 2. However, it is evident that immunologic changes influence host defense against infection. The aging immune system is characterized by a variety of alterations that encompass developmental impairment, diminished signaling and the effects of antigen exposure history on chronic inflammation and antigen receptor repertoire diversity—all of which contribute to defects in immune activation in response to pathogens or vaccines. However, the aged innate immune system also shows substantial inflammatory dysregulation with a paradoxical heightened pro-inflammatory environment; this may arise in part from endogenous stimuli linked to cellular damage. Here we provide an overview of age-related changes in human host defense, with an emphasis on consequences for outcomes to pathogens or vaccines in older adults.
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