Volume homeostasis during pregnancy in the rat.

Volume homeostasis during pregnancy in the rat.
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大鼠妊娠期间的体积稳态。

DOI:
10.1016/s0272-6386(87)80125-7
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发表时间:
1987
期刊:
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Barron,WM
Barron,WM
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Barron,WM

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本文综述了大鼠妊娠期间容量和钠处理的变化,并指出与人类妊娠事件的相似性和对比。妊娠啮齿动物的细胞外和血浆体积增加50%至70%,这些变化伴随着母体和胎仔共有的显著累积钠潴留。妊娠改变了几个因素,对肾盐处理有相反的影响;然而,妊娠期钠蓄积和容量扩张的机制仍然不清楚。此外,尽管绝对血容量显著增加,但关于如何感知该容量存在相当大的不确定性,特别是在妊娠最后一周期间,此时容量的快速增加与外周阻力和BP的降低相关。通过测量对静脉(IV)或口服钠负荷或长期盐皮质激素给药的反应来评估“有效”血管内容量的尝试表明,妊娠和非妊娠大鼠的反应相似,这表明这些动物感觉它们的体积是正常的。相反,当盐限制时,妊娠大鼠无法正常扩大其血浆容量;这种相对低血容量激活导致游离水潴留和病理性低钠血症的机制,未在未交配动物中观察到反应。
This article reviews alterations in volume and sodium handling during rat pregnancy, noting similarities and contrasts to events in human gestation. Gravid rodents undergo extracellular and plasma volume increases of 50% to 70%, and these changes accompany a marked cumulative sodium retention shared by both dam and fetuses. Pregnancy alters several factors, with opposing effects on renal salt handling; however, mechanisms by which gestational sodium accumulation and volume expansion are achieved remain obscure. Furthermore, despite substantial increases in absolute blood volume, considerable uncertainty exists as to how this volume is sensed, particularly during the final gestational week when a rapid increase in volume is associated with decreases in peripheral resistance and BP. Attempts to assess “effective” intravascular volume by measuring responses to intravenous (IV) or oral sodium loading or to chronic mineralocorticoid administration indicate that pregnant and nonpregnant rats respond similarly, suggesting that such animals sense their volume as normal. In contrast, when salt-restricted, gravid rats fail to expand their plasma volume normally; this relative hypovolemia activates mechanisms leading to free water retention and pathologic hyponatremia, responses not observed in virgin animals.
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