The bioactivity of cartilage extracellular matrix in articular cartilage regeneration.
The bioactivity of cartilage extracellular matrix in articular cartilage regeneration.
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DOI：
10.1002/adhm.201400165
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发表时间：
2015-01-07
影响因子：
10
通讯作者：
Detamore, Michael S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sutherland, Amanda J.;Converse, Gabriel L.;Hopkins, Richard A.;Detamore, Michael S.
鉴于有证据支持其软骨诱导特性，软骨基质是一种特别有前途的软骨再生非细胞材料。软骨基质的“原材料”可以作为增强组织再生的构建块和信号。这些基质可以通过化学或物理方法产生：物理方法会破坏细胞膜和细胞核，但可能无法完全去除所有细胞成分和DNA，而化学方法与物理方法相结合对于完全脱细胞此类材料特别有效。关键终点包括没有可检测到的残留 DNA 或免疫原性抗原。重要的是首先界定软骨基质的来源，即源自体外细胞产生的基质或天然组织，然后根据加工方法（即脱细胞或失活）进一步表征软骨基质。由于这些区别，存在四种类型的软骨基质：脱细胞天然软骨（DCC）、失活天然软骨（DVC）、脱细胞细胞衍生基质（DCCM）和失活细胞衍生基质（DVCM）。软骨基质的递送可能是一种简单的方法，不需要额外的细胞或生长因子。如果没有额外的生物添加剂，从监管和商业化的角度来看，软骨基质可能很有吸引力。来源和递送方法是临床转化的重要考虑因素。目前市场上只有一种软骨基质医疗设备是脱细胞的，尽管已申请专利的趋势表明未来可能会出现更多的脱细胞产品。为了选择最相关的软骨基质来源和加工方法，合格测试需要包括针对所需的应用、优化材料的输送、确定相关的 FDA 法规、评估原材料的可用性以及产品的免疫原性特性。
Cartilage matrix is a particularly promising acellular material for cartilage regeneration given the evidence supporting its chondroinductive character. The ‘raw materials’ of cartilage matrix can serve as building blocks and signals for enhanced tissue regeneration. These matrices can be created by chemical or physical methods: physical methods disrupt cellular membranes and nuclei but may not fully remove all cell components and DNA, whereas chemical methods when combined with physical methods are particularly effective in fully decellularizing such materials. Critical endpoints include no detectable residual DNA or immunogenic antigens. It is important to first delineate between the sources of the cartilage matrix, i.e., derived from matrix produced by cells in vitro or from native tissue, and then to further characterize the cartilage matrix based on the processing method, i.e., decellularization or devitalization. With these distinctions, four types of cartilage matrices exist: decellularized native cartilage (DCC), devitalized native cartilage (DVC), decellularized cell derived matrix (DCCM), and devitalized cell derived matrix (DVCM). Delivery of cartilage matrix may be a straightforward approach without the need for additional cells or growth factors. Without additional biological additives, cartilage matrix may be attractive from a regulatory and commercialization standpoint. Source and delivery method are important considerations for clinical translation. Only one currently marketed cartilage matrix medical device is decellularized, although trends in filed patents suggest additional decellularized products may be available in the future. To choose the most relevant source and processing for cartilage matrix, qualifying testing needs to include targeting the desired application, optimizing delivery of the material, identify relevant FDA regulations, assess availability of raw materials, and immunogenic properties of the product.
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