Viral invasion fitness across a continuum from lysis to latency†

Viral invasion fitness across a continuum from lysis to latency†
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从裂解到潜伏期的病毒入侵适应度 –

DOI:
10.1093/ve/vez006
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Whitaker, Rachel J
Whitaker, Rachel J
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Weitz, Joshua S;Li, Guanlin;Gulbudak, Hayriye;Cortez, Michael H;Whitaker, Rachel J

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在病毒及其微生物宿主的生态学研究中,流行的范式是,病毒的繁殖成功取决于“捕食者”,即病毒颗粒的增殖。然而,病毒是专性的细胞内寄生虫,病毒基因组——实际的选择单位——可以从一代细胞持续存在并增殖到下一代,而不会裂解或产生新的病毒颗粒。在这里,我们提出了一个理论框架,使用流行病学细胞中心度量来量化病毒的入侵适应性,该度量侧重于细胞内病毒基因组的增殖,而不是细胞外的病毒颗粒。这种以细胞为中心的度量可以直接比较病毒策略,其特征是专性杀死宿主(例如通过裂解),病毒基因组在宿主内的持久性(例如通过溶原性),以及沿着这些极端之间的连续体的策略(例如通过慢性感染)。因此,我们可以识别非线性种群模型中控制病毒传播变化的环境驱动因素、生活史特征和关键反馈。例如,我们确定了相对低密度的易感细胞和相对高生长速率的感染细胞的阈值条件,在这些条件下,溶原性和其他慢性策略比溶原性策略具有更高的病毒繁殖潜力。总的来说,理论框架有助于统一自然环境中病毒策略的生态进化驱动因素的正在进行的研究。
The prevailing paradigm in ecological studies of viruses and their microbial hosts is that the reproductive success of viruses depends on the proliferation of the ‘predator’, that is, the virus particle. Yet, viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, and the virus genome—the actual unit of selection—can persist and proliferate from one cell generation to the next without lysis or the production of new virus particles. Here, we propose a theoretical framework to quantify the invasion fitness of viruses using an epidemiological cell-centric metric that focuses on the proliferation of viral genomes inside cells instead of virus particles outside cells. This cell-centric metric enables direct comparison of viral strategies characterized by obligate killing of hosts (e.g. via lysis), persistence of viral genomes inside hosts (e.g. via lysogeny), and strategies along a continuum between these extremes (e.g. via chronic infections). As a result, we can identify environmental drivers, life history traits, and key feedbacks that govern variation in viral propagation in nonlinear population models. For example, we identify threshold conditions given relatively low densities of susceptible cells and relatively high growth rates of infected cells in which lysogenic and other chronic strategies have higher potential viral reproduction than lytic strategies. Altogether, the theoretical framework helps unify the ongoing study of eco-evolutionary drivers of viral strategies in natural environments.
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