Tumor-suppressor genes that escape from X-inactivation contribute to cancer sex bias.

Tumor-suppressor genes that escape from X-inactivation contribute to cancer sex bias.
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DOI:
10.1038/ng.3726
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发表时间:
2017-01
期刊:
影响因子:
30.8
通讯作者:
Lane, Andrew A.
Lane, Andrew A.
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dunford, Andrew;Weinstock, David M.;Savova, Virginia;Schumacher, Steven E.;Cleary, John P.;Yoda, Akinori;Sullivan, Timothy J.;Hess, Julian M.;Gimelbrant, Alexander A.;Beroukhim, Rameen;Lawrence, Michael S.;Getz, Gad;Lane, Andrew A.

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在许多癌症类型中,男性占主导地位,这一点令人震惊且无法解释。X染色体(chrX)基因的一个子集可以逃避X失活,这将保护女性免受单一突变的完全功能丧失。为了鉴定推定的“逃避X-失活肿瘤抑制因子”(EXITS)基因,我们比较了来自21种肿瘤类型的>4100种癌症的体细胞改变的性别偏倚。783个非假常染色体区(PAR)chrX基因中有6个(ATRX、CNKSR 2、DDX 3X、KDM 5C、KDM 6A和MAGEC 3)在男性中更频繁地携带功能丧失突变(基于错误发现率<0.1),而18,055个常染色体和PAR基因中没有(P<0.0001)。在许多癌症和几种单独的肿瘤类型的联合分析中观察到逃避X失活的基因中的男性偏向突变,这表明了一种普遍现象。我们得出结论,EXITS基因在女性中的双等位基因表达解释了在各种肿瘤类型中与男性相比癌症发病率降低的部分原因。
There is a striking and unexplained male predominance across many cancer types. A subset of X chromosome (chrX) genes can escape X-inactivation, which would protect females from complete functional loss by a single mutation. To identify putative “Escape from X-Inactivation Tumor Suppressor” (EXITS) genes, we compared somatic alterations from >4100 cancers across 21 tumor types for sex bias. Six of 783 non-pseudoautosomal region (PAR) chrX genes (ATRX, CNKSR2, DDX3X, KDM5C, KDM6A, and MAGEC3) more frequently harbored loss-of-function mutations in males (based on false discovery rate <0.1), compared to zero of 18,055 autosomal and PAR genes (P<0.0001). Male-biased mutations in genes that escape X-inactivation were observed in combined analysis across many cancers and in several individual tumor types, suggesting a generalized phenomenon. We conclude that biallelic expression of EXITS genes in females explains a portion of the reduced cancer incidence compared to males across a variety of tumor types.
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