Understanding the overestimated impact of the Toba volcanic super-eruption on global environments and ancient hominins
Understanding the overestimated impact of the Toba volcanic super-eruption on global environments and ancient hominins
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了解多巴火山超级喷发对全球环境和古代人类的高估影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.quaint.2020.06.021
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发表时间：
2020-07
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Gao Xing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ge Yong;Gao Xing
约74 ka的多巴超级喷发是过去250万年来已知的最大的爆发性火山事件，并被认为是全球急剧变冷和大规模人类灭绝的原因。多巴超级火山爆发导致非洲热带地区以外的人类灭绝的假设被认为是支持现代人类起源于中更新世非洲的模型的一种机制。这一假说已经盛行了几十年，并引起了许多领域研究人员的注意。最近，由于更精确的测年技术和更高分辨率的地质记录的发展，为重新评估多巴事件的气候影响提供了新的数据，这一主张受到了辩论或反驳。相关的考古学证据也表明，在多巴事件发生后不久，欧亚大陆上的人类群体仍然存在，甚至在被厚厚的火山灰覆盖的印度和苏门答腊也是如此。在这里，我们将高分辨率的地质记录与多巴事件最精确的可用年龄相关联。74 ka），包括冰芯、石笋以及湖泊和深海沉积物，得出的结论是多巴超级喷发对地球气候的影响有限。我们还收集了考古数据，证明了多巴事件前后人类活动的连续性，古代DNA和化石证据也证明了其他古代人类在火山爆发后的生存。证据的优势决定了拒绝以前的“人口瓶颈”假说和现代人类起源的总替代模型。虽然多巴超级火山爆发是第四纪最大的此类事件，但它并没有对地球的气候和人类活动造成破坏性影响。
The ~74 ka Toba super-eruption was the largest known explosive volcanic event of the past 2.5 million years and has been held responsible for presumed dramatic global cooling and large-scale hominin extinction. The hypothesis that the Toba super-eruption resulted in human extinction outside of tropical Africa has been cited as a mechanism to support models of a Middle Pleistocene African origin for modern humans. This hypothesis has prevailed for decades and drawn the attention of researchers from many fields. Recently, this proposition has been debated or refuted because of the development of more precise dating techniques and higher-resolution geological records that provide new data to reevaluate the climatic influence of the Toba event. Relevant archaeological evidence also indicates the survival of hominin groups in Eurasia immediately after the Toba event, even in India and Sumatra, which were covered by thick deposits of volcanic ash. Here, we correlate high-resolution geological records with the most precise available ages for the Toba event (ca. 74 ka), including ice cores, stalagmites, and lake and deep-sea sediments, concluding only limited influence of the Toba super-eruption on the Earth's climate. We also assemble archaeological data demonstrating continuity of human activity before and after the Toba event, ancient DNA and fossil evidences also testify the survival of other archaic humans after the eruption. The preponderance of the evidence dictates rejection of previous “population bottleneck” hypotheses and the total replacement model for the origins of modern humans. Although the Toba super-eruption was the largest such event of the Quaternary period, it did not have a devastating impact on the Earth's climate and human activity.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
M. Rampino;S. Self;R. Fairbridge
通讯作者：
M. Rampino;S. Self;R. Fairbridge
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.03.042
发表时间：
2005-08
期刊：
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
影响因子：
--
作者：
W. Kuhnt;S. Hess;A. Holbourn;Harald Paulsen;Brigitte Salomon
通讯作者：
W. Kuhnt;S. Hess;A. Holbourn;Harald Paulsen;Brigitte Salomon
DOI：
10.1126/science.1224344
发表时间：
2012-10-12
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Meyer M;Kircher M;Gansauge MT;Li H;Racimo F;Mallick S;Schraiber JG;Jay F;Prüfer K;de Filippo C;Sudmant PH;Alkan C;Fu Q;Do R;Rohland N;Tandon A;Siebauer M;Green RE;Bryc K;Briggs AW;Stenzel U;Dabney J;Shendure J;Kitzman J;Hammer MF;Shunkov MV;Derevianko AP;Patterson N;Andrés AM;Eichler EE;Slatkin M;Reich D;Kelso J;Pääbo S
通讯作者：
Pääbo S
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Solomon, Susan;Rosenlof, Karen H.;Plattner, Gian-Kasper
通讯作者：
Plattner, Gian-Kasper
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
R. Larson
通讯作者：
R. Larson