Ultrasound imaging beyond the vasculature with new generation contrast agents.
Ultrasound imaging beyond the vasculature with new generation contrast agents.
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DOI：
10.1002/wnan.1326
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
Exner, Agata A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perera, Reshani H.;Hernandez, Christopher;Zhou, Haoyan;Kota, Pavan;Burke, Alan;Exner, Agata A.
目前市售的超声造影剂是直径大于1 μm的充满气体、脂质或蛋白质稳定的微泡。由于这些试剂产生的信号高度依赖于它们的大小，所以历史上很难产生小而高回声的颗粒。这限制了超声分子成像在血液池中的应用。在癌症成像领域，微泡的应用仅限于成像肿瘤血管的分子特征和通过超声调制泡破坏实现的药物输送。近年来，随着纳米医学技术的进步，比目前使用的超声造影剂小一个数量级（100-500纳米）的超声造影剂得到了快速发展。这些药物利用了许多肿瘤增强的渗透性和滞留现象，并且可以超越渗漏的肿瘤血管外渗，从而大大扩展了超声在靶向癌症检测和治疗领域的能力。药物外渗有助于高灵敏度检测细胞表面或微环境生物标志物，从而促进早期癌症的发现。同样，当与适当的治疗药物和超声介导的部署相结合时，这些纳米颗粒已被证明有助于改善治疗效果。超声的安全性，广泛的可及性和相对较低的成本使其成为当今医疗保健不断变化的理想模式。在多层面的纳米造影剂和本文描述的靶向治疗部分的帮助下，超声可以大大拓宽其在癌症诊断和分期方面的未来应用范围。
Current commercially available ultrasound contrast agents are gas-filled, lipid- or protein-stabilized microbubbles larger than 1 μm in diameter. Because the signal generated by these agents is highly dependent on their size, small yet highly echogenic particles have been historically difficult to produce. This has limited the molecular imaging applications of ultrasound to the blood pool. In the area of cancer imaging, microbubble applications have been constrained to imaging molecular signatures of tumor vasculature and drug delivery enabled by ultrasound-modulated bubble destruction. Recently, with the rise of sophisticated advancements in nanomedicine, ultrasound contrast agents, which are an order of magnitude smaller (100-500 nm) than their currently utilized counterparts, have been undergoing rapid development. These agents are poised to greatly expand the capabilities of ultrasound in the field of targeted cancer detection and therapy by taking advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention phenomenon of many tumors and can extravasate beyond the leaky tumor vasculature. Agent extravasation facilitates highly sensitive detection of cell surface or microenvironment biomarkers, which could advance early cancer detection. Likewise, when combined with appropriate therapeutic agents and ultrasound-mediated deployment on demand, directly at the tumor site, these nanoparticles have been shown to contribute to improved therapeutic outcomes. Ultrasound's safety profile, broad accessibility and relatively low cost make it an ideal modality for the changing face of healthcare today. Aided by the multifaceted nano-sized contrast agents and targeted theranostic moieties described herein, ultrasound can considerably broaden its reach in future applications focused on the diagnosis and staging of cancer.
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影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Chen, Alex M.;Zhang, Min;Wei, Dongguang;Stueber, Dirk;Taratula, Oleh;Minko, Tamara;He, Huixin
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作者：
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3.8
作者：
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