Modality, Weights and Inconsistent Premise Sets
Modality, Weights and Inconsistent Premise Sets
复制标题
模态、权重和不一致的前提集
DOI：
10.1093/jos/ffx014
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Silk A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Silk A
我们的某些欲望比其他欲望更强烈，某些价值观和规范比其他价值观和规范更重要，事态比其他事态更有可能发生，这是一个司空见惯的现象。一些作者声称，语言语义学中情态动词的经典前提语义学未能捕捉到情态句子的真值条件如何对这种强度和优先级的差异敏感。我开发了一个经典的前提语义框架，捕捉各种方式的权重和优先级可以影响情态动词的解释解释的解释。在标准语义学上，模态从上下文提供的函数（从世界到前提集（“会话背景”））接收它们的解释。我建议我们将这些功能理解为对直观相关的考虑因素（条件规范、偏好、期望等）的内容进行编码。在语气句的真值条件中出现的世界索引前提集合代表了在评价世界中给定相关环境的情况下从这些考虑得出的结果。关于权重和优先级的事实不是编码在单个前提集合中（或在它们上定义的附加操作中），而是编码在给定的会话背景如何跨世界分配前提集合中。接下来，我将提供一种扩展解释的方法，以提供对某些比较情态句的处理。建议的分析捕捉各种推理模式，涉及情态助动词，比较，和等式，改进了以往的方法，在经典的框架内分级模态。最后，本文对情态动词的语义与权重和优先级逻辑之间的关系进行了一些理论思考。在这篇文章中开发的帐户位于适当的推理，涉及权重和优先级的研究，而不是建立到传统意义的模态语言的研究结果的关键作用。
It is a commonplace that some of our desires are stronger than others; that certain values and norms are more important than others; and that states of affairs can be more likely than others. Some authors have claimed that the classic premise semantics for modals in linguistic semantics fails to capture how the truth conditions of modal sentences can be sensitive to such differences in strength and priority. I develop an interpretation of the classic premise semantic framework that captures various ways in which weights and priorities can affect the interpretation of modals. Modals, on the standard semantics, receive their interpretation from contextually supplied functions from worlds to premise sets (“conversational backgrounds”). I propose that we understand these functions as encoding the content of an intuitively relevant body of considerations (conditional norms, preferences, expectations, etc). The world-indexed premise sets that figure in the truth conditions of modal sentences represent what follows from these considerations given the relevant circumstances in the evaluation world. Facts about weights and priorities are encoded not in the individual premise sets (or in additional operations defined on them), but in how premise sets are assigned across worlds by the given conversational background. Next I offer one way of extending the account to provide a treatment of certain comparative modal sentences. The proposed analyses capture various inference patterns involving modal auxiliaries, comparatives, and equatives, improving on certain previous approaches to graded modality within the classic framework. The paper concludes with several theoretical reflections on the relation between the semantics of modals and the logic of weights and priorities. The account developed in this article locates a crucial role for research on proper reasoning involving weights and priorities without building the findings of this research into the conventional meaning of modal language.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
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期刊：
Notre Dame J. Formal Log.
影响因子：
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影响因子：
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