Venom gland transcriptomes of two elapid snakes (Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra) and evolution of toxin genes.
Venom gland transcriptomes of two elapid snakes (Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra) and evolution of toxin genes.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2164-12-1
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发表时间：
2011-01-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Wang W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiang Y;Li Y;Lee W;Xu X;Zhang Y;Zhao R;Zhang Y;Wang W
金环蛇（银环蛇属）和眼镜蛇（眼镜蛇属）是旧世界眼镜蛇的两个代表性有毒属。虽然它们是密切相关的属，而且它们的毒液都很毒，但它们的毒液成分却有很大的不同。为了揭示银环蛇和眼镜蛇的详细毒液及其进化模式，我们分别构建了银环蛇和眼镜蛇的毒腺cDNA文库和基因组细菌人工染色体（BAC）文库。我们对每个毒液cDNA文库的约1500个cDNA克隆进行了测序，并使用四种毒素探针通过印迹分析筛选了两种蛇的BAC文库;即，三指毒素（3FTx）、磷脂酶A2（PLA 2）、库尼茨型蛋白酶抑制剂（Kunitz）和利钠肽（NP）。共获得B的1092个有效表达序列标签（EST）。multicinctus和1166个N.生成了ATRA。其中约70%的EST可以被注释为蛇毒转录本。B类毒素主要为3FTx（64.5%）和β银环蛇毒素（25.1%）。而3FTx（95.8%）是多环丝核菌的优势毒素。阿特拉我们还观察到B中的几个不太丰富的毒液家族。multicinctus和N. atra，如PLA 2、C型凝集素和Kunitz。特别地，在B中检测到具有串联NP的NP前体簇。多环的在B中共检测到71个阳性毒素BAC克隆。multicinctus和N.用4种毒素探针（3FTx、PLA 2、Kunitz和NP）对39株atra进行鉴定，并对其中39株3FTx阳性BAC进行测序，以揭示3FTx毒素基因的基因结构。根据毒素ESTs和3FTx基因序列，推测B. multicinctus毒转录组是神经毒素，包括长链α神经毒素（α-ntx）和新近发现的β银环蛇毒素，而N. atra毒转录组主要含有具有细胞毒性和神经毒性的3FTx（短链α-ntx）。数据还显示，串联重复对毒素多基因家族的扩展贡献最大。非同义的同义核苷酸取代率比（dN/dS）的分析表明，不仅多基因毒素家族，但也可能是其他丰富的毒素迅速多样化的演变。
Kraits (genus Bungarus) and cobras (genus Naja) are two representative toxic genera of elapids in the old world. Although they are closely related genera and both of their venoms are very toxic, the compositions of their venoms are very different. To unveil their detailed venoms and their evolutionary patterns, we constructed venom gland cDNA libraries and genomic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries for Bungarus multicinctus and Naja atra, respectively. We sequenced about 1500 cDNA clones for each of the venom cDNA libraries and screened BAC libraries of the two snakes by blot analysis using four kinds of toxin probes; i.e., three-finger toxin (3FTx), phospholipase A2 (PLA2), kunitz-type protease inhibitor (Kunitz), and natriuretic peptide (NP). In total, 1092 valid expressed sequences tags (ESTs) for B. multicinctus and 1166 ESTs for N. atra were generated. About 70% of these ESTs can be annotated as snake toxin transcripts. 3FTx (64.5%) and β bungarotoxin (25.1%) comprise the main toxin classes in B. multicinctus, while 3FTx (95.8%) is the dominant toxin in N. atra. We also observed several less abundant venom families in B. multicinctus and N. atra, such as PLA2, C-type lectins, and Kunitz. Peculiarly a cluster of NP precursors with tandem NPs was detected in B. multicinctus. A total of 71 positive toxin BAC clones in B. multicinctus and N. atra were identified using four kinds of toxin probes (3FTx, PLA2, Kunitz, and NP), among which 39 3FTx-postive BACs were sequenced to reveal gene structures of 3FTx toxin genes. Based on the toxin ESTs and 3FTx gene sequences, the major components of B. multicinctus venom transcriptome are neurotoxins, including long chain alpha neurotoxins (α-ntx) and the recently originated β bungarotoxin, whereas the N. atra venom transcriptome mainly contains 3FTxs with cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity (short chain α-ntx). The data also revealed that tandem duplications contributed the most to the expansion of toxin multigene families. Analysis of nonsynonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution rate ratios (dN/dS) indicates that not only multigene toxin families but also other less abundant toxins might have been under rapid diversifying evolution.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Kordis, D;Gubenek, F
通讯作者：
Gubenek, F
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.171
发表时间：
2005-02-25
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Fry, BG;Wickramaratana, JC;Alewood, P
通讯作者：
Alewood, P
眼镜王蛇毒液中金属蛋白酶的分离和克隆
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Guo, Xiao-Xi;Zeng, Lin;Jin, Yang
通讯作者：
Jin, Yang
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Fry, BG;Vidal, N;Kochva, E
通讯作者：
Kochva, E
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Christian Dokmetjian, Jose;del Canto, Sergio;de Jimenez Bonino, Mirtha Biscoglio
通讯作者：
de Jimenez Bonino, Mirtha Biscoglio