LncRNAs in Cancer: From garbage to Junk.
LncRNAs in Cancer: From garbage to Junk.
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DOI：
10.3390/cancers12113220
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发表时间：
2020-10-31
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Costa V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aprile M;Katopodi V;Leucci E;Costa V
长非编码RNA(LncRNAs)通常被定义为超过200个核苷酸的转录本，而不是编码蛋白质的转录本。本文就LncRNAs在细胞中的主要功能及其在肿瘤发生中的作用作一综述。此外，还讨论了致癌和/或肿瘤抑制基因在肿瘤发生和发展中的重要作用。最后，讨论了目前可用的靶向lncRNA的技术方法(例如，通过改变其表达、稳定性、加工和/或结合能力)，并特别关注将其用作治疗靶点的利弊。基于测序的转录组学已经极大地重新定义了基因组复杂性的概念，导致数以千计的lncRNA基因的鉴定，数以千计的lncRNA基因的鉴定，其产物具有转录和/或转录后调节功能，有助于塑造细胞的功能和命运。事实上，现在已经确定，lncRNAs通过表观遗传和转录后机制在基因表达调控中发挥关键作用。报道癌症中lncRNAs改变的研究迅速增加，也突显了它们与肿瘤发生的相关性。在这里，我们描述了具有致癌和/或肿瘤抑制活性的成熟的lncRNAs的最突出的例子。我们还讨论了技术进步如何基于它们的靶向提供了新的治疗策略，并报告了它们在临床环境中使用的挑战。
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are generally defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides and not coding for proteins. This review provides an overview of the main functions of lncRNAs in the cells and their role in tumorigenesis. Additionally, key examples of oncogenic and/or tumor suppressive lncRNAs with a well-established role in tumor development and progression are discussed. Finally, the currently available technological approaches to target lncRNAs (e.g., by modifying their expression, stability, processing and/or binding capacity), with a specific focus on the pros and cons of their use as therapeutic targets are considered. Sequencing-based transcriptomics has significantly redefined the concept of genome complexity, leading to the identification of thousands of lncRNA genes identification of thousands of lncRNA genes whose products possess transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional regulatory functions that help to shape cell functionality and fate. Indeed, it is well-established now that lncRNAs play a key role in the regulation of gene expression through epigenetic and posttranscriptional mechanims. The rapid increase of studies reporting lncRNAs alteration in cancers has also highlighted their relevance for tumorigenesis. Herein we describe the most prominent examples of well-established lncRNAs having oncogenic and/or tumor suppressive activity. We also discuss how technical advances have provided new therapeutic strategies based on their targeting, and also report the challenges towards their use in the clinical settings.
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