Processing of communication sounds: contributions of learning, memory, and experience.
Processing of communication sounds: contributions of learning, memory, and experience.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2013.06.005
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发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Rossi, Breein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Poremba, Amy;Bigelow, James;Rossi, Breein
大量来自野外和实验室的研究证据表明，同种发声（CV）对包括人类、非人灵长类动物、啮齿动物和其他哺乳动物和鸟类在内的多种物种具有重要的生态意义。相应地，许多实验已经证明了CV的行为处理优势，例如在辨别和记忆任务中。此外，广泛的实验已经描述了许多物种的大脑区域似乎专门用于处理简历。例如，在哺乳动物和鸟类中已经描述了几个神经区域，其中CV引起的神经反应大于比较刺激，如异特异性发声，非发声的复杂声音和人工刺激。这些观察结果提出了一个问题，这些区域是否反映了专门用于处理CV的特定领域的神经机制，或者这些区域是否反映了用于表示具有学习意义的复杂声音的一般领域的神经机制。由于CV可以被看作是复杂的组合的基本spectrotemporal功能，后者的立场的可扩展性是由大量的文献描述调制的皮层和皮层下表示的各种声学功能，已被实验与刺激的自然行为意义（如食物奖励）。在这里，我们回顾了一个相对较小的机构现有的文献描述的经验，学习和记忆中出现的物种典型的神经表征的CV和听觉系统可塑性的作用。在鸣禽和哺乳动物中，听觉经验的操纵以及特定的学习范式被证明可以调节CV引起的神经反应，无论是在整体放电率还是时间放电模式方面。在某些情况下，CV敏感的神经区域逐渐获得受试者具有训练和经验的非CV刺激的表示。这些结果与人类文献中描述的通过学习和经验调节面部敏感神经区域的反应相似。因此，虽然仍然存在许多问题，现有的证据是一致的概念，CV可能会获得不同的神经表征通过域一般的机制，代表复杂的听觉对象是学习的重要性，动物。
Abundant evidence from both field and lab studies has established that conspecific vocalizations (CVs) are of critical ecological significance for a wide variety of species, including humans, nonhuman primates, rodents, and other mammals and birds. Correspondingly, a number of experiments have demonstrated behavioral processing advantages for CVs, such as in discrimination and memory tasks. Further, a wide range of experiments have described brain regions in many species that appear to be specialized for processing CVs. For example, several neural regions have been described in both mammals and birds wherein greater neural responses are elicited by CVs than by comparison stimuli such as heterospecific vocalizations, nonvocal complex sounds, and artificial stimuli. These observations raise the question of whether these regions reflect domain-specific neural mechanisms dedicated to processing CVs, or alternatively, if these regions reflect domain-general neural mechanisms for representing complex sounds of learned significance. Inasmuch as CVs can be viewed as complex combinations of basic spectrotemporal features, the plausibility of the latter position is supported by a large body of literature describing modulated cortical and subcortical representation of a variety of acoustic features that have been experimentally associated with stimuli of natural behavioral significance (such as food rewards). Herein, we review a relatively small body of existing literature describing the roles of experience, learning, and memory in the emergence of species-typical neural representations of CVs and auditory system plasticity. In both songbirds and mammals, manipulations of auditory experience as well as specific learning paradigms are shown to modulate neural responses evoked by CVs, either in terms of overall firing rate or temporal firing patterns. In some cases, CV-sensitive neural regions gradually acquire representation of non-CV stimuli with which subjects have training and experience. These results parallel literature in humans describing modulation of responses in face-sensitive neural regions through learning and experience. Thus, although many questions remain, the available evidence is consistent with the notion that CVs may acquire distinct neural representation through domain-general mechanisms for representing complex auditory objects that are of learned importance to the animal.
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