Current topics in hearing research: Deafferentation and threshold independent hearing loss.
Current topics in hearing research: Deafferentation and threshold independent hearing loss.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.heares.2021.108408
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发表时间：
2022-06
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Lobarinas E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trevino M;Lobarinas E
近年来的听力研究结果已经开始改变我们对听力损失的看法，以及我们如何考虑噪音暴露对听觉损伤的风险。这些发现包括在没有相应的永久性阈值升高或毛细胞损失的证据的情况下噪声诱导的耳蜗损伤的证据。对几个物种的动物研究表明，噪声暴露产生强大但只是暂时的阈值偏移，可以永久性地损害内毛细胞突触带。这种类型的突触退化也被证明是动物和人类衰老的结果。这些数据的出现激发了许多旨在识别与突触病相关的感知相关性的临床研究。据信由突触病引起的缺陷包括在背景噪声中的听力下降、耳鸣和听觉过敏（响度不耐受）。然而，人类研究的结果喜忧参半。关键问题仍然是突触病是否可靠地产生阈上知觉缺陷，或者它是否可以作为听觉损伤的早期指标，而阈上缺陷随后会随着进一步的耳蜗损伤而出现。在这里，我们提供了一个概述人类和动物的研究，探讨内毛细胞损伤之间的关系，包括传入突触的损失，听觉阈值和阈上听力的措施。
Hearing research findings in recent years have begun to change how we think about hearing loss and how we consider the risk of auditory damage from noise exposure. These findings include evidence of noise-induced cochlear damage in the absence of corresponding permanent threshold elevation or evidence of hair cell loss. Animal studies in several species have shown that noise exposures that produce robust but only temporary threshold shifts can permanently damage inner hair cell synaptic ribbons. This type of synaptic degeneration has also been shown to occur as a result of aging in animals and humans. The emergence of these data has motivated a number of clinical studies aimed at identifying the perceptual correlates associated with synaptopathy. The deficits believed to arise from synaptopathy include poorer hearing in background noise, tinnitus and hyperacusis (loudness intolerance). However, the findings from human studies have been mixed. Key questions remain as to whether synaptopathy reliably produces suprathreshold perceptual deficits or whether it serves as an early indicator of auditory damage with suprathreshold deficits emerging later as a function of further cochlear damage. Here, we provide an overview of both human and animal studies that explore the relationship among inner hair cell damage, including loss of afferent synapses, auditory thresholds, and suprathreshold measures of hearing.
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