Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and adiposity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials.
Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and adiposity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials.
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含果糖和肥胖的重要食物来源：对照喂养试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
J. Sievenpiper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Chiavaroli;A. Cheung;Sabrina Ayoub;Amna Ahmed;Danielle Lee;F. Au‐Yeung;Néma D McGlynn;V. Ha;T. Khan;S. B. Mejia;V. Choo;R. Souza;Tom Wolever;Lawrence A Leiter;C. Kendall;D. Jenkins;J. Sievenpiper
背景
含糖饮料（SSB）提供过量的能量会增加肥胖。其他食物来源的糖在不同能量控制水平下的影响尚不清楚。
目标
通过能量控制确定含果糖糖的食物来源对肥胖的影响。
方法
在这项系统性综述和荟萃分析中，检索了截至2022年4月的MEDLINE、Embase和科克伦图书馆中≥2周的对照试验。我们通过能量控制预先指定了4种试验设计：替代（糖的能量匹配替代），添加（添加糖的能量），减法（减去糖的能量）和随意（自由替代糖的能量）。独立作者提取数据。主要结局是体重。次要结局包括其他肥胖指标。建议评估、制定和评价分级（GRADE）用于评估证据的确定性。
结果
我们纳入了169项试验（255项试验比较，n = 10，357），在中位数12周内评估了4种能量控制水平的14种食物来源。在添加试验中，含果糖的总糖增加了体重（MD：0.28 kg; 95% CI：0.06，0.50 kg; PMD = 0.011），在减量试验中降低了体重（MD：-0.96 kg; 95% CI：-1.78，-0.14 kg; PMD = 0.022），在替代或随意试验中没有影响。食物来源对体重存在相互作用/影响：替代试验[水果减少;添加营养甜味剂和混合来源（含SSB）增加];添加试验[干果、蜂蜜、水果（≤10%E）和100%果汁（≤10%E）减少; SSB、果汁饮料和混合来源（含SSB）增加];减量试验[去除混合来源（含SSB）减少];和自由采食试验[混合来源（含/不含SSB）增加]。GRADE评分一般为中等。次要结局的结果相似。
结论
能量控制和食物来源介导含果糖的糖对肥胖的影响。证据提供了一个很好的指示，来自糖的过量能量（特别是高剂量≥20%E或100 g/d的SSB）会增加肥胖，而它们的去除会减少肥胖。大多数其他食物来源没有影响，有些食物显示出减少（特别是低剂量≤10%E或50 g/d的水果）。本试验在clinicaltrials.gov上注册为NCT 02558920（https：//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT 02558920）。
BACKGROUND
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) providing excess energy increase adiposity. The effect of other food sources of sugars at different energy control levels is unclear.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effect of food sources of fructose-containing sugars by energy control on adiposity.
METHODS
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched through April 2022 for controlled trials ≥2 wk. We prespecified 4 trial designs by energy control: substitution (energy-matched replacement of sugars), addition (energy from sugars added), subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted), and ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). Independent authors extracted data. The primary outcome was body weight. Secondary outcomes included other adiposity measures. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence.
RESULTS
We included 169 trials (255 trial comparisons, n = 10,357) assessing 14 food sources at 4 energy control levels over a median 12 wk. Total fructose-containing sugars increased body weight (MD: 0.28 kg; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.50 kg; PMD = 0.011) in addition trials and decreased body weight (MD: -0.96 kg; 95% CI: -1.78, -0.14 kg; PMD = 0.022) in subtraction trials with no effect in substitution or ad libitum trials. There was interaction/influence by food sources on body weight: substitution trials [fruits decreased; added nutritive sweeteners and mixed sources (with SSBs) increased]; addition trials [dried fruits, honey, fruits (≤10%E), and 100% fruit juice (≤10%E) decreased; SSBs, fruit drink, and mixed sources (with SSBs) increased]; subtraction trials [removal of mixed sources (with SSBs) decreased]; and ad libitum trials [mixed sources (with/without SSBs) increased]. GRADE scores were generally moderate. Results were similar across secondary outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Energy control and food sources mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on adiposity. The evidence provides a good indication that excess energy from sugars (particularly SSBs at high doses ≥20%E or 100 g/d) increase adiposity, whereas their removal decrease adiposity. Most other food sources had no effect, with some showing decreases (particularly fruits at lower doses ≤10%E or 50 g/d). This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02558920 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02558920).
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DOI：
10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
发表时间：
1986-09-01
期刊：
CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS
影响因子：
--
作者：
DERSIMONIAN, R;LAIRD, N
通讯作者：
LAIRD, N
DOI：
10.1056/nejmoa0804748
发表时间：
2009-02-26
期刊：
The New England journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sacks FM;Bray GA;Carey VJ;Smith SR;Ryan DH;Anton SD;McManus K;Champagne CM;Bishop LM;Laranjo N;Leboff MS;Rood JC;de Jonge L;Greenway FL;Loria CM;Obarzanek E;Williamson DA
通讯作者：
Williamson DA
膳食果糖对健康受试者血浆脂质的影响。
DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1128
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
The American journal of clinical nutrition
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bantle,JP;Raatz,SK;Thomas,W;Georgopoulos,A
通讯作者：
Georgopoulos,A
蔗糖替代品可预防和逆转低热量饮食引起的代谢率下降。
DOI：
10.1016/0002-9343(86)90264-0
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
The American journal of medicine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hendler,RG;Walesky,M;Sherwin,RS
通讯作者：
Sherwin,RS
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Stanhope, Kimber L.;Schwarz, Jean Marc;Havel, Peter J.
通讯作者：
Havel, Peter J.