An imbalance of the IL-33/ST2-AXL-efferocytosis axis induces pregnancy loss through metabolic reprogramming of decidual macrophages

An imbalance of the IL-33/ST2-AXL-efferocytosis axis induces pregnancy loss through metabolic reprogramming of decidual macrophages
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IL-33/ST2-AXL-胞吞作用轴的不平衡通过蜕膜巨噬细胞的代谢重编程诱导流产

DOI:
10.1007/s00018-022-04197-2
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发表时间:
2022-03
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
Xiao‑Yong Zhu
Xiao‑Yong Zhu
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yan‑Ran Sheng;Wen‑Ting Hu;Hui-Hui Shen;Chun‑Yan Wei;Yu‑Kai Liu;Xiao-Qian Ma;Ming-Qing Li;Xiao‑Yong Zhu

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胚胎着床过程中,细胞凋亡是不可避免的。这些凋亡细胞(ACS)通过吞噬作用被去除,在吞噬作用中,巨噬细胞充满了几乎等于吞噬细胞本身的代谢物负荷。一个及时的问题与蜕膜巨噬细胞(DM、Φ、S)的吐痰相关代谢和免疫行为的关系及其对妊娠结局的影响有关。在此,我们报道了通过DMΦS代谢重编程导致IL-33/ST2-AX1吞噬导致妊娠失败的正反馈。我们比较了正常妊娠和不明原因反复妊娠丢失患者的血清IL-33和ST2水平,以及DMΦS的吞噬和代谢。我们发现糖尿病患者ΦS的IL-33/ST2轴被破坏,细胞凋亡率增加,吞噬功能增强。吞噬大量凋亡细胞的DMΦS分泌较多的Sst2和较少的转化生长因子-β,使DMΦS向M1表型分化。此外,升高的sst2使ΦS的胞吐相关代谢偏向氧化磷酸化,加剧了IL-33/st2信号通路的破坏。代谢紊乱还会导致胞吐功能障碍,导致更多未清除的凋亡细胞和继发性坏死。我们还筛选了受IL-33/ST2调节的泡吞噬分子Axl。IL-33/ST2-Ax1-胞吐正反馈轴导致妊娠失败。IL-33基因敲除小鼠表现出不良的妊娠结局,外源补充小鼠IL-33可以减少胚胎损失。这些发现突显了一种新的病因机制,即DMΦS利用免疫代谢来维持母胎界面微环境的动态平衡。
During embryo implantation, apoptosis is inevitable. These apoptotic cells (ACs) are removed by efferocytosis, in which macrophages are filled with a metabolite load nearly equal to the phagocyte itself. A timely question pertains to the relationship between efferocytosis-related metabolism and the immune behavior of decidual macrophages (dMΦs) and its effect on pregnancy outcome. Here, we report positive feedback of IL-33/ST2-AXL-efferocytosis leading to pregnancy failure through metabolic reprogramming of dMΦs. We compared the serum levels of IL-33 and sST2, along with IL-33 and ST2, efferocytosis and metabolism of dMΦs, from patients with normal pregnancies and unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). We revealed disruption of the IL-33/ST2 axis, increased apoptotic cells and elevated efferocytosis of dMΦs from patients with RPL. The dMΦs that engulfed many apoptotic cells secreted more sST2 and less TGF-β, which polarized dMΦs toward the M1 phenotype. Moreover, the elevated sST2 biased the efferocytosis-related metabolism of RPL dMΦs toward oxidative phosphorylation and exacerbated the disruption of the IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway. Metabolic disorders also lead to dysfunction of efferocytosis, resulting in more uncleared apoptotic cells and secondary necrosis. We also screened the efferocytotic molecule AXL regulated by IL-33/ST2. This positive feedback axis of IL-33/ST2-AXL-efferocytosis led to pregnancy failure. IL-33 knockout mice demonstrated poor pregnancy outcomes, and exogenous supplementation with mouse IL-33 reduced the embryo losses. These findings highlight a new etiological mechanism whereby dMΦs leverage immunometabolism for homeostasis of the microenvironment at the maternal–fetal interface.
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