An autonomous tail-beating cycle period expressed by a region- specific swimming pattern generator in the Ciona larva
An autonomous tail-beating cycle period expressed by a region- specific swimming pattern generator in the Ciona larva
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海鞘幼虫中区域特定游泳模式生成器表达的自主拍尾周期
DOI：
10.1101/2021.04.12.439438
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Atsuo S. Nishino
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takashi Hara;Shuya Hasegawa;Yasushi Iwatani;Atsuo S. Nishino
水生脊椎动物的游泳运动，如鱼和蝌蚪，是通过中央模式发生器的协调操作来表达的。这些平行神经元回路在脊髓中无处不在地分布并相互耦合，以表达与传出和传入输入相适应的波动模式。虽然这些机制已经在脊椎动物中得到证实，但这些机制在脊索动物系统发育中的进化起源仍不清楚。海鞘是脊椎动物的姐妹类，它的蝌蚪幼虫可以在海水中自由游动。在这项研究中，我们试图在海鞘鱼的幼虫中定位游泳模式的产生器，并检测了分段体碎片的运动能力。我们的实验表明，在一个短区域（最长估计约为体长的10%），包括躯干-尾巴连接处，但不包括躯干和尾巴的大部分，其中有主要的感觉装置，有必要和充分的模式发生器活动。此外，我们发现这些“中间部分”的身体碎片在没有任何外源刺激的情况下，以约20秒的间隔表达周期性的尾部跳动爆发。在不同感官条件下，对中间碎片和整尾幼虫的拍打爆发时间模式的比较表明，关键中间碎片以外的部分的存在缩短了游泳爆发间隔，特别是在黑暗中，也扩大了爆发持续时间的差异。我们提出cionalarva作为自主和周期性模式发生器驱动的改进表示来进行游泳，这些驱动在干尾交界处区域局部运行。摘要：海鞘蝌蚪幼体的中段片段，缺少大部分前干和后尾，自主地周期性地表现尾跳动。
Swimming locomotion in aquatic vertebrates, such as fish and tadpoles, is expressed through orchestrated operations of central pattern generators. These parallel neuronal circuits are ubiquitously distributed and mutually coupled along the spinal cord to express undulation patterns accommodated to efferent and afferent inputs. While such sets of schemes have been shown in vertebrates, the evolutionary origin of those mechanisms along the chordate phylogeny remains unclear. Ascidians, representing a sister group of vertebrates, give rise to tadpole larvae that freely swim in seawater. In this study, we tried to locate the swimming pattern generator in larvae of the ascidianCionaby examining locomotor ability of segmented body fragments. Our experiments demonstrated necessary and sufficient pattern generator activity in a short region (∼10% of the body length as the longest estimation) including the trunk-tail junction but excluding most of the trunk and tail with major sensory apparatuses therein. Moreover, we found that these “mid-piece” body fragments express periodic tail beating bursts with ∼20-s intervals without any exogenous stimuli. Comparisons among temporal patterns of tail beating bursts expressed by the mid-piece fragments and by whole larvae placed under different sensory conditions suggested that the presence of parts other than the critical mid-piece had effects to shorten swimming burst intervals, especially in the dark, and also to expand the variance in burst durations. We propose thatCionalarvae perform swimming as modified representations of autonomous and periodic pattern generator drives, which operate locally in the region of the trunk-tail junction.Summary statementMid-piece fragments of tadpole larvae of the ascidianCiona, lacking most of the anterior trunk and posterior tail, autonomously and periodically express tail beating bursts.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
A. O. Kovalevskiĭ
通讯作者：
A. O. Kovalevskiĭ
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
M. Nakagawa;T. Miyamoto;M. Ohkuma;M. Tsuda
通讯作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
1980
期刊：
Journal of Comparative Physiology
影响因子：
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作者：
Margaret L. T. Poon
通讯作者：
Margaret L. T. Poon