Racial differences in genetic and environmental risk to preterm birth.
Racial differences in genetic and environmental risk to preterm birth.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0012391
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发表时间：
2010-08-25
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Eaves LJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
York TP;Strauss JF 3rd;Neale MC;Eaves LJ
早产在非洲裔美国人中比在欧洲裔美国人中更普遍，导致非洲裔美国人婴儿死亡的比例是欧洲裔美国人的3.4倍。社会不平等的模型并不能很好地解释这种明显的差异，分子遗传学研究还没有确定种族之间存在的等位基因差异是否会导致这种差距。在这项研究中，生物统计遗传模型被应用于一个由733，339名新生儿组成的大型混合种族样本，以测量遗传因素和环境暴露预测出生时间的程度，并解释种族群体之间的差异。尽管我们预期不同种族组之间的平均胎龄存在显著差异，但我们并未预期非裔美国人的胎龄方差（σ2 = 7.097）几乎是欧裔美国人的两倍（σ2 = 3.764）。 我们的研究结果表明，胎龄差异的这种差异在很大程度上可以归因于环境因素，在非洲裔美国人中是3.1倍。具体而言，环境因素，怀孕之间的变化，与影响所有怀孕在一个家庭中的暴露，主要是负责增加生殖异质性观察到的非洲裔美国人的母亲。虽然胎儿和母亲的遗传因素的贡献不同种族类别之间，遗传研究可能最好是针对了解这种异质性的社会文化来源的差异，以及它们可能与种族内和种族之间的遗传差异的相互作用。这项研究提供了一个全面的描述相对遗传和环境的贡献，种族差异的胎龄。
Preterm birth is more prevalent in African Americans than European Americans and contributes to 3.4 times more African American infant deaths. Models of social inequity do not appreciably account for this marked disparity and molecular genetic studies have yet to characterize whether allelic differences that exist between races contribute to this gap. In this study, biometrical genetic models are applied to a large mixed-race sample consisting of 733,339 births to measure the extent that heritable factors and environmental exposures predict the timing of birth and explain differences between racial groups. Although we expected significant differences in mean gestational age between racial groups, we did not anticipate the variance of gestational age in African Americans (σ2 = 7.097) to be nearly twice that of European Americans (σ2 = 3.764). Our results show that this difference in the variance of gestational age can largely be attributed to environmental sources; which were 3.1 times greater in African Americans. Specifically, environmental factors that change between pregnancies, versus exposures that influence all pregnancies within a family, are largely responsible for the increased reproductive heterogeneity observed in African American mothers. Although the contribution of both fetal and maternal genetic factors differed between race categories, genetic studies may best be directed to understanding the differences in the socio-cultural sources of this heterogeneity, and their possible interaction with genetic differences within and between races. This study provides a comprehensive description of the relative genetic and environmental contributions to racial differences in gestational age.
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