Mechanism of the chromosome-induced polar body extrusion in mouse eggs.
Mechanism of the chromosome-induced polar body extrusion in mouse eggs.
复制标题
染色体引起的小鼠卵中极性体挤出的机理。
DOI：
10.1186/1747-1028-6-17
复制
发表时间：
2011-08-25
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Deng M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Q;Racowsky C;Deng M
卵母细胞经历两轮不对称分裂，产生单倍体配子和两个用于凋亡的小极体。染色体在卵母细胞不对称减数分裂中发挥着重要作用，但其潜在机制尚不清楚。染色体独立诱导纺锤体形成和皮质肌动球蛋白组装成卵母细胞皮质中特殊的帽和环结构。纺锤体和皮质帽/环相互作用产生机械力，导致极体挤出。在第二次极体挤出过程中观察到两种不同的力驱动膜变化：皮质帽突出和后期纺锤体中区引起的膜内陷。皮质帽突出和内陷有助于纺锤体垂直旋转，使纺锤体中区在突出帽肩部产生双侧皱纹，导致极体脱离。有趣的是，虽然有丝分裂纺锤体中区诱导双侧皱纹，导致受精卵有效对称分裂，但减数分裂纺锤体中区仅诱导局部细胞分裂皱纹。小鼠卵母细胞减数分裂 II 期间，驱动皮质帽突出和膜内陷的不同力参与纺锤体旋转和极体挤出。
An oocyte undergoes two rounds of asymmetric division to generate a haploid gamete and two small polar bodies designed for apoptosis. Chromosomes play important roles in specifying the asymmetric meiotic divisions in the oocytes but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Chromosomes independently induce spindle formation and cortical actomyosin assembly into special cap and ring structures in the cortex of the oocyte. The spindle and the cortical cap/ring interact to generate mechanical forces, leading to polar body extrusion. Two distinct force-driven membrane changes were observed during 2nd polar body extrusion: a protrusion of the cortical cap and a membrane invagination induced by an anaphase spindle midzone. The cortical cap protrusion and invagination help rotate the spindle perpendicularly so that the spindle midzone can induce bilateral furrows at the shoulder of the protruding cap, leading to an abscission of the polar body. It is interesting to note that while the mitotic spindle midzone induces bilateral furrowing, leading to efficient symmetric division in the zygote, the meiotic spindle midzone induced cytokinetic furrowing only locally. Distinct forces driving cortical cap protrusion and membrane invagination are involved in spindle rotation and polar body extrusion during meiosis II in mouse oocytes.
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