Using stage-structured food webs to assess the effects of contaminants and predators on aquatic–terrestrial linkages

Using stage-structured food webs to assess the effects of contaminants and predators on aquatic–terrestrial linkages
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使用阶段结构的食物网评估污染物和捕食者对水陆联系的影响

DOI:
10.1086/706103
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
1.8
通讯作者:
Wesner, Jeff
Wesner, Jeff
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wesner, Jeff

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水生昆虫通常用于测量河流和湖泊对污染物和捕食者的生物反应,但评估往往只侧重于底栖幼虫阶段。然而,与地球上的许多生物一样,水生昆虫具有复杂的生活史,其中个体发育阶段在生态、栖息地以及对污染物和捕食者等压力源的敏感性方面各不相同。在这里,我总结了水生昆虫生命阶段的不同反应(例如,幼虫、蛹、成虫)对鱼类捕食和污染物的影响,这是水生昆虫死亡的两个常见且研究充分的来源。然后,我研究如何阶段结构的死亡率可能会改变幼虫水生昆虫密度和新兴水生昆虫陆地食物网的流量之间的联系。最重要的发现是,水生昆虫的反应阶段结构的食物网的基础上的预测偏离强烈的预测,不包括生命阶段,这意味着幼虫的捕食或污染物的反应可能是不适当的预测成人的反应。以幼虫为基础的生物评估仍然是河流保护和管理的重要工具。然而,未能考虑到阶段特异性反应的变化可能会限制目前的生物评估工具的效用,以预测水生昆虫的出现,可能低估了淡水压力对水生-陆地生态系统的影响。
Aquatic insects are routinely used to measure the biological responses of streams and lakes to contaminants and predators, but assessments often focus only on benthic larval stages. However, like many organisms on earth, aquatic insects have complex life histories in which ontogenetic stages vary in their ecology, habitat, and susceptibility to stressors like contaminants and predators. Here, I summarize the differential responses of aquatic insect life stages (e.g., larva, pupa, adult) to fish predation and contaminants, 2 common and well-studied sources of mortality for aquatic insects. I then examine how stage-structured mortality may alter the link between larval aquatic insect densities and flux of emerging aquatic insects to terrestrial food webs. The most important finding is that predictions of aquatic insect responses based on stage structured food webs deviate strongly from predictions that do not include life stages, implying that larval responses to predation or contaminants may not be appropriate in predicting adult responses. Larval-based bioassessment continues to be an important tool for stream conservation and management. However, failure to account for variation in stage-specific responses may limit the utility of current bioassessment tools to predict aquatic insect emergence, potentially underestimating the impact of freshwater stressors on linked aquatic–terrestrial ecosystems.
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