Purification of germline stem cells from adult mammalian ovaries: a step closer towards control of the female biological clock?
Purification of germline stem cells from adult mammalian ovaries: a step closer towards control of the female biological clock?
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DOI：
10.1093/molehr/gap036
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Telfer EE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tilly JL;Telfer EE
几十年来，人们认为雌性哺乳动物在出生时就建立了一个不可再生的含有卵母细胞的卵泡池。生殖生物学的这一基石在5年前受到了一项研究的挑战，该研究报告了幼年和成年小鼠卵巢中存在有丝分裂活性生殖细胞。在这项研究中提出的其他研究结果和随后的其他研究结果进一步表明，哺乳动物在成年期保留了产生卵母细胞的能力;然而，分离产生卵母细胞的生殖干细胞（GSC）作为其存在的明确证据仍然难以捉摸。这条信息现在看来是由Ji Wu及其同事提供的。除了显示类似于雄性精原干细胞的增殖生殖细胞可以从新生或成年小鼠卵巢中纯化并在体外维持数月外，移植研究还表明这些细胞在化疗绝育的受体卵巢中产生卵母细胞，这些卵母细胞受精并产生可存活的后代。虽然这些发现并没有建立卵子发生在成年女性的生理条件下，他们强烈支持GSC在成年小鼠卵巢的存在。如果能在人类卵巢中找到类似的细胞，那么有一天可能会实现基于干细胞的卵巢卵母细胞储备的复兴。
For decades it was believed that a non-renewable pool of oocyte-containing follicles is established in female mammals at birth. This cornerstone of reproductive biology was challenged 5 years ago by a study reporting on the presence of mitotically-active germ cells in juvenile and adult mouse ovaries. Additional findings presented in this study and others that followed further suggested that mammals retain the capacity to generate oocytes during adulthood; however, isolation of oocyte-producing germline stem cells (GSC) as unequivocal proof of their existence remained elusive. This piece of information now appears to have been provided by Ji Wu and colleagues. In addition to showing that proliferative germ cells resembling male spermatogonial stem cells can be purified from neonatal or adult mouse ovaries and maintained in vitro for months, transplantation studies demonstrated that these cells generate oocytes in ovaries of chemotherapy-sterilized recipients that fertilize and produce viable offspring. Although these findings do not establish that oogenesis occurs in adult females under physiological conditions, they strongly support the existence of GSC in adult mouse ovaries. If equivalent cells can be found in human ovaries, stem cell-based rejuvenation of the oocyte reserve in ovaries on the verge of failure may one day be realized.
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