The role of the microglia in acute CNS injury.
The role of the microglia in acute CNS injury.
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DOI：
10.1007/s11011-014-9531-6
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发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Yenari, Midori A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawabori, Masahito;Yenari, Midori A.
小胶质细胞被认为是参与免疫防御、免疫活性和吞噬作用的脑常驻免疫细胞。它们在正常情况下维持脑和脊髓内的组织稳态，并作为其最初的宿主防御系统。然而，当中枢神经系统（CNS）面临损伤时，小胶质细胞通过邻近细胞表达或释放的信号分子做出反应。小胶质细胞反应具有双重性。它们诱导可能加剧CNS损伤的非特异性免疫应答，特别是在急性期，但对CNS恢复和修复也是必不可少的。小胶质细胞的全部机制尚未阐明，但在急性中枢神经系统损伤中小胶质细胞激活的知识正在积累。小胶质细胞反应需要数小时至数天才能完全发育，与其他神经学治疗相比，小胶质细胞反应可能是一个更长的干预治疗靶点。挑战将是找到选择性抑制小胶质细胞激活的有害影响而不损害其有益功能的方法。本文综述了小胶质细胞在急性中枢神经系统损伤中的作用，以及小胶质细胞活化对中枢神经系统损伤的潜在治疗干预。
Microglia are considered the brain’s resident immune cell involved in immune defense, immunocompetence, and phagocytosis. They maintain tissue homeostasis within the brain and spinal cord under normal condition and serves as its initial host defense system. However, when the central nervous system (CNS) faces injury, microglia respond through signaling molecules expressed or released by neighboring cells. Microglial responses are dual in nature. They induce a nonspecific immune response that may exacerbate CNS injury, especially in the acute stages, but are also essential to CNS recovery and repair. The full range of microglial mechanisms have yet to be clarified, but there is accumulating knowledge about microglial activation in acute CNS injury. Microglial responses require hours to days to fully develop, and may present a therapeutic target for intervention with a much longer window of opportunity compare to other neurological treatments. The challenge will be to find ways to selectively suppress the deleterious effects of microglial activation without compromising its beneficial functions. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent progress relating on the deleterious and beneficial effect of microglia in the setting of acute CNS injury and the potential therapeutic intervention against microglial activation to CNS injury.
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