Human sclera maintains common characteristics with cartilage throughout evolution.
Human sclera maintains common characteristics with cartilage throughout evolution.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0003709
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Umezawa, Akihiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seko, Yuko;Azuma, Noriyuki;Takahashi, Yoriko;Makino, Hatsune;Morito, Toshiyuki;Muneta, Takeshi;Matsumoto, Kenji;Saito, Hirohisa;Sekiya, Ichiro;Umezawa, Akihiro
巩膜维持并保护接收视觉输入的眼球。虽然巩膜对视觉感知没有显著的贡献，但巩膜疾病如难治性巩膜炎、巩膜穿孔和病理性近视被认为是无法治愈或难以治愈的。本研究的目的是确定人类巩膜作为神经嵴和中胚层的结缔组织之一的特征。我们已经展示了培养人类婴儿巩膜细胞的微阵列数据。分层聚类将巩膜细胞和其他间充质细胞分成亚类。分层聚类分析表明，巩膜细胞与耳膜软骨细胞具有相似性。培养的巩膜细胞微团暴露于TGF-βs和BMP2产生丰富的基质。在体外培养3周内，软骨相关基因如印度对冲猪、X型胶原蛋白和MMP13的表达上调。这些结果表明，人“巩膜”来源的细胞在体外培养时可以被认为是软骨细胞。我们目前的研究显示人类巩膜有成软骨的潜力。有趣的是，某些脊椎动物的巩膜，如鸟类和鱼类，是由透明软骨组成的。虽然人类巩膜不是软骨组织，但人类巩膜在整个进化过程中保持着成软骨的潜力。此外，我们的发现直接解释了一个谜，即巩膜和关节软骨是风湿性关节炎炎症细胞的共同目标。目前的全球基因表达数据库将有助于阐明高度近视等发育性疾病的发病机制。
The sclera maintains and protects the eye ball, which receives visual inputs. Although the sclera does not contribute significantly to visual perception, scleral diseases such as refractory scleritis, scleral perforation and pathological myopia are considered incurable or difficult to cure. The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of the human sclera as one of the connective tissues derived from the neural crest and mesoderm. We have demonstrated microarray data of cultured human infant scleral cells. Hierarchical clustering was performed to group scleral cells and other mesenchymal cells into subcategories. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed similarity between scleral cells and auricular cartilage-derived cells. Cultured micromasses of scleral cells exposed to TGF-βs and BMP2 produced an abundant matrix. The expression of cartilage-associated genes, such as Indian hedge hog, type X collagen, and MMP13, was up-regulated within 3 weeks in vitro. These results suggest that human ‘sclera’-derived cells can be considered chondrocytes when cultured ex vivo. Our present study shows a chondrogenic potential of human sclera. Interestingly, the sclera of certain vertebrates, such as birds and fish, is composed of hyaline cartilage. Although the human sclera is not a cartilaginous tissue, the human sclera maintains chondrogenic potential throughout evolution. In addition, our findings directly explain an enigma that the sclera and the joint cartilage are common targets of inflammatory cells in rheumatic arthritis. The present global gene expression database will contribute to the clarification of the pathogenesis of developmental diseases such as high myopia.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Lefebvre, V;Li, P;de Crombrugghe, B
通讯作者：
de Crombrugghe, B
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Sekiya, I;Tsuji, K;Noda, M
通讯作者：
Noda, M
影响因子：
--
作者：
Mochizuki, T;Muneta, T;Sekiya, I
通讯作者：
Sekiya, I
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Franz-Odendaal, Tamara A.;Hall, Brian K.
通讯作者：
Hall, Brian K.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Koga, Hideyuki;Muneta, Takeshi;Sekiya, Ichiro
通讯作者：
Sekiya, Ichiro