Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain.
Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain.
复制标题
环境在抗菌素耐药性（AMR）通过食物链的出现和传播中所起的作用。
DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6651
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Peixe L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ);Koutsoumanis K;Allende A;Álvarez-Ordóñez A;Bolton D;Bover-Cid S;Chemaly M;Davies R;De Cesare A;Herman L;Hilbert F;Lindqvist R;Nauta M;Ru G;Simmons M;Skandamis P;Suffredini E;Argüello H;Berendonk T;Cavaco LM;Gaze W;Schmitt H;Topp E;Guerra B;Liébana E;Stella P;Peixe L
评估了粮食生产环境在欧盟植物性粮食生产、陆生动物（家禽、牛和猪）和水产养殖中抗菌素耐药性（AMR）出现和传播中的作用。在确定的各种来源和传播途径中，粪便来源的肥料、植物性食物的灌溉和地表水以及水产养殖用水被认为是最重要的。对于陆生动物生产，潜在的污染源包括饲料、人类、水、空气/灰尘、土壤、野生动物、啮齿动物、节肢动物和设备。其中，发现了通过饲料和人类引入的证据，其他来源的重要性无法评估。确定了几种对公共卫生最重要的ARB，如碳青霉烯类或广谱头孢菌素和/或氟喹诺酮类耐药肠杆菌（包括肠沙门氏菌）、氟喹诺酮类耐药弯曲杆菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和耐糖肽的屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌。在优先级最高的ARGs中，有bla CTX‐M、bla VIM、bla NDM、bla OXA‐48-like、bla OXA‐23、mcr、armA、vanA、cfr和optrA。这些最优先的细菌和基因在不同的来源，在初级和收获后水平，特别是粪便/粪肥、土壤和水中被鉴定出来。对于所有部门来说，减少粪便微生物污染肥料、水、饲料和生产环境的发生，并尽量减少动物生产设施内ARB的持久性/循环利用是一个优先事项。正确实施良好的卫生习惯、生物安全和食品安全管理体系非常重要。潜在的抗菌素耐药性特异性干预措施尚处于早期发展阶段。在传播途径的来源和相关性、ARB和ARGs的多样性、缓解措施的有效性等方面发现了许多数据缺口。迫切需要在欧盟一级就抗菌素耐药性及其在食品生产环境中的有效控制进行具有代表性的流行病学和归因研究，并与“同一个健康”和环境倡议相联系。
The role of food‐producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant‐based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant‐based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended‐spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone‐resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone‐resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide‐resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX ‐M, bla VIM, bla NDM, bla OXA ‐48-like, bla OXA ‐23, mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post‐harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR‐specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Angen Ø;Feld L;Larsen J;Rostgaard K;Skov R;Madsen AM;Larsen AR
通讯作者：
Larsen AR
影响因子：
2
作者：
Allen, V. M.;Weaver, H.;Edge, S.
通讯作者：
Edge, S.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
通讯作者：
--
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Allen, Samantha E.;Boerlin, Patrick;Jardine, Claire
通讯作者：
Jardine, Claire
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Aguirre, Laia;Vidal, Anna;Martin, Marga
通讯作者：
Martin, Marga