The relation between event apprehension and utterance formulation in children: Evidence from linguistic omissions.
The relation between event apprehension and utterance formulation in children: Evidence from linguistic omissions.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2011.10.002
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发表时间：
2012-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Papafragou A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bunger A;Trueswell JC;Papafragou A
事件理解和话语形成之间的关系进行了研究，在儿童和成人。讲英语的成年人和4岁的孩子观看运动事件，同时监测他们的眼球运动。每个年龄组中有一半的参与者描述了每个事件（语言任务），而另一半则为即将到来的记忆测试（非语言任务）研究了这些事件。然后，所有参与者都完成了记忆测试，在测试中，他们确定了目标事件中运动方式和路径终点的变化。在非语言任务中，眼球运动和记忆反应在不同年龄组之间显示出惊人的相似性。成年人和学龄前儿童参加的方式和路径端点具有相似的时间，并在记忆测试都成功地检测到方式和路径的变化，以类似的速度。在语言任务中，不同年龄组的生产出现了实质性的差异：而成年人通常在事件描述中提到方式和路径，学龄前儿童往往会忽略一个事件组件或其他。然而，两个年龄组的目光模式保持一致，儿童和成人都将更多的注意力分配给他们计划谈论的事件成分。儿童在语言任务中的记忆测试是偶然的，而成年人实际上表现出记忆的好处相比，非语言任务。我们的结论是，发展差异的运动事件的描述是不是由于纯粹的注意力差异之间的成人和儿童，但留下开放的可能性，他们源于局限性，仅是语言的性质或出现在界面上的注意和语言生产。
The relation between event apprehension and utterance formulation was examined in children and adults. English-speaking adults and 4-year-olds viewed motion events while their eye movements were monitored. Half of the participants in each age group described each event (Linguistic task), whereas the other half studied the events for an upcoming memory test (Nonlinguistic task). All participants then completed a memory test in which they identified changes to manners of motion and path endpoints in target events. In the Nonlinguistic task, eye movements and memory responses revealed striking similarities across age groups. Adults and preschoolers attended to manner and path endpoints with similar timing, and in the memory test both successfully detected manner and path changes at similar rates. Substantial differences in production emerged between age groups in the Linguistic task: whereas adults usually mentioned both manners and paths in their event descriptions, preschoolers tended to omit one event component or the other. However, eyegaze patterns remained equivalent across the two age groups, with both children and adults allocating more attention to event components that they planned to talk about. Children in the Linguistic task were at chance in the memory test, whereas adults actually showed a memory benefit as compared to the Nonlinguistic task. We conclude that developmental differences in the description of motion events are not due to pure attentional differences between adults and children, but leave open the possibility that they stem from limitations that are solely linguistic in nature or that arise at the interface of attention and language production.
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