Of Microbes and Minds: A Narrative Review on the Second Brain Aging.
Of Microbes and Minds: A Narrative Review on the Second Brain Aging.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmed.2018.00053
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Marzetti E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calvani R;Picca A;Lo Monaco MR;Landi F;Bernabei R;Marzetti E
近年来，大量文献集中在肠道-脑轴以及肠道微生物区系在调节大脑从出生到老年的形态和功能中可能发挥的作用。肠道微生物区系在神经发育的早期阶段被认为是一个相关的参与者，在以后的生活中可能会产生长期的影响。肠道微生物区系多样性的减少也已成为衰老的标志之一，其组成的紊乱与几种(与年龄有关的)神经疾病有关，包括抑郁症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森氏病。肠道微生物区系脑沟通的途径包括神经连接(迷走神经)、宿主细菌共代谢产生的循环介质以及肠道微生物区系对宿主肠道功能、代谢和免疫系统的影响。尽管最具挑衅性的数据来自动物研究，尽管围绕这些发现可能的表象性质存在着巨大的争论，但肠道微生物区系-脑轴仍然是一个迷人的目标，可以用来减轻衰老带来的一些最沉重的后果。
In recent years, an extensive body of literature focused on the gut–brain axis and the possible role played by the gut microbiota in modulating brain morphology and function from birth to old age. Gut microbiota has been proposed as a relevant player during the early phases of neurodevelopment, with possible long-standing effects in later life. The reduction in gut microbiota diversity has also become one of the hallmarks of aging, and disturbances in its composition are associated with several (age-related) neurological conditions, including depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Several pathways have been evoked for gut microbiota–brain communication, including neural connections (vagus nerve), circulating mediators derived by host-bacteria cometabolism, as well as the influence exerted by gut microbiota on host gut function, metabolism, and immune system. Although the most provoking data emerged from animal studies and despite the huge debate around the possible epiphenomenal nature of those findings, the gut microbiota–brain axis still remains a fascinating target to be exploited to attenuate some of the most burdensome consequences of aging.
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