Centennial Review: The chicken yolk sac is a multifunctional organ.
Centennial Review: The chicken yolk sac is a multifunctional organ.
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百年回顾：鸡卵黄囊是一个多功能器官。
DOI：
10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.004
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Uni Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wong EA;Uni Z
卵黄囊（YS）由提供营养的卵黄和围绕卵黄并为发育中的胚胎提供基本代谢功能的YS组织组成。YS组织来源于胚胎的中肠，由一层与卵黄内容物接触的内胚层上皮细胞（EEC）、含有血管系统的中胚层和外外胚层组成。YS组织是一种多功能器官，提供基本功能，如宿主免疫、营养吸收、碳水化合物和脂质代谢以及红细胞生成。YS组织通过将卵黄中的母体抗体运输到为发育中的胚胎提供营养的胚胎循环而在免疫中发挥作用。此外，YS组织在胚胎发育中期表达高水平的宿主防御肽，禽β-防御素10。由于其来源，YS EEC与肠上皮细胞共享一些功能特性，例如表达氨基酸、肽、单糖、脂肪酸和矿物质的转运蛋白。YS组织储存糖原并表达用于糖原合成和分解以及葡萄糖生成的酶。这种碳水化合物代谢可能在孵化过程中起重要作用。YS组织的中胚层是红细胞生成的部位，并在骨髓成熟之前提供红细胞。YS组织的其他功能包括血浆蛋白的合成、脂质转运和胆固醇代谢以及甲状腺素的合成。因此，YS是发育中胚胎生长、发育和健康的重要器官。本文将提供一个概述的研究，已经调查了YS组织的功能在细胞和分子水平，重点是鸡。
The yolk sac (YS) consists of the yolk, which supplies nutrients, and the YS tissue, which surrounds the yolk and provides essential metabolic functions for the developing embryo. The YS tissue is derived from the midgut of the embryo and consists of a layer of endodermal epithelial cells (EEC) in contact with the yolk contents, a mesodermal layer that contains the vascular system and an outer ectodermal layer. The YS tissue is a multifunctional organ that provides essential functions such as host immunity, nutrient uptake, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and erythropoiesis. The YS tissue plays a role in immunity by the transport of maternal antibodies in the yolk to the embryonic circulation that feeds the developing embryo. In addition, the YS tissue expresses high mRNA levels of the host defense peptide, avian β-defensin 10 during mid embryogenesis. Owing to its origin, the YS EEC share some functional properties with intestinal epithelial cells such as expression of transporters for amino acids, peptides, monosaccharides, fatty acids, and minerals. The YS tissue stores glycogen and expresses enzymes for glycogen synthesis and breakdown and glucogenesis. This carbohydrate metabolism may play an important role in the hatching process. The mesodermal layer of the YS tissue is the site for erythropoiesis and provides erythrocytes before the maturation of the bone marrow. Other functions of the YS tissue involve synthesis of plasma proteins, lipid transport and cholesterol metabolism, and synthesis of thyroxine. Thus, the YS is an essential organ for the growth, development, and health of the developing embryo. This review will provide an overview of the studies that have investigated the functionalities of the YS tissue at the cellular and molecular levels with a focus on chickens.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Awad WA;Hess C;Hess M
通讯作者：
Hess M
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Ding, ST;Lilburn, MS
通讯作者：
Lilburn, MS
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
ANDERSON, GJ;CONNOR, WE;CORLISS, JD
通讯作者：
CORLISS, JD
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Ding, ST;Lilburn, MS
通讯作者：
Lilburn, MS
DOI：
10.1016/s0305-0491(97)00034-5
发表时间：
1997-09-01
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Gerhartz, B;Auerswald, EA;Wittmann, J
通讯作者：
Wittmann, J