Mapping the Dynamics of Contemporary PRRSV-2 Evolution and Its Emergence and Spreading Hotspots in the U.S. Using Phylogeography.

Mapping the Dynamics of Contemporary PRRSV-2 Evolution and Its Emergence and Spreading Hotspots in the U.S. Using Phylogeography.
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DOI:
10.3390/pathogens12050740
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发表时间:
2023-05-20
期刊:
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
VanderWaal K
VanderWaal K
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pamornchainavakul N;Paploski IAD;Makau DN;Kikuti M;Rovira A;Lycett S;Corzo CA;VanderWaal K

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导致猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的病毒PRRSV-2的新遗传变异体的反复出现反映了其快速进化和先前控制努力的失败。了解变异出现和传播的时空异质性对于未来的疫情预防至关重要。在这里,我们调查了进化的速度如何在时间和空间上变化,确定了亚谱系出现的起源,并绘制了PRRSV-2谱系1(L1)的区域间传播模式-目前在美国占主导地位的谱系。1991年至2021年间在美国和加拿大收集的395个病毒ORF 5序列。离散性状分析的多个时空分层采样集(n = 500)被用来推断祖先的地理区域和分散的每个亚系。结果的鲁棒性进行了比较,其他建模方法和二次抽样策略。一般来说,空间传播和种群动态在亚谱系、时间和空间上有所不同。上中西部是多个亚系的主要传播热点,例如,L1 C和L1 F,尽管最近的一次羽化事件(L1 A(2))从东部向外传播。对出现和传播的历史模式的理解可以用于制定疾病控制和遏制新出现的变异的战略。
The repeated emergence of new genetic variants of PRRSV-2, the virus that causes porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), reflects its rapid evolution and the failure of previous control efforts. Understanding spatiotemporal heterogeneity in variant emergence and spread is critical for future outbreak prevention. Here, we investigate how the pace of evolution varies across time and space, identify the origins of sub-lineage emergence, and map the patterns of the inter-regional spread of PRRSV-2 Lineage 1 (L1)—the current dominant lineage in the U.S. We performed comparative phylogeographic analyses on subsets of 19,395 viral ORF5 sequences collected across the U.S. and Canada between 1991 and 2021. The discrete trait analysis of multiple spatiotemporally stratified sampled sets (n = 500 each) was used to infer the ancestral geographic region and dispersion of each sub-lineage. The robustness of the results was compared to that of other modeling methods and subsampling strategies. Generally, the spatial spread and population dynamics varied across sub-lineages, time, and space. The Upper Midwest was a main spreading hotspot for multiple sub-lineages, e.g., L1C and L1F, though one of the most recent emergence events (L1A(2)) spread outwards from the east. An understanding of historical patterns of emergence and spread can be used to strategize disease control and the containment of emerging variants.
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