Changes in vegetation structure and composition of urban and rural forest patches in Baltimore from 1998 to 2015

Changes in vegetation structure and composition of urban and rural forest patches in Baltimore from 1998 to 2015
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1998-2015年巴尔的摩城乡森林斑块植被结构和组成变化

DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117665
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Sullivan, Joe H.
Sullivan, Joe H.
中科院分区:
农林科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Templeton, Laura K.;Neel, Maile C.;Groffman, Peter M.;Cadenasso, Mary L.;Sullivan, Joe H.

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城市森林通常是高度分散的斑块,有许多非本地植物物种,改变干扰制度,环境污染物和植物群落组成的不确定轨迹。1998年,巴尔的摩生态系统研究,美国国家科学基金会资助的长期生态研究(LTER)计划,建立了八个森林地块,以调查城市化对自然生态系统的长期影响。所有地块均位于巴尔的摩大都市区,其中四个位于城市森林斑块,四个位于农村森林。在1998年,这些森林斑块有封闭的树冠与发达的乔木,灌木和藤蔓层,和广泛的草本覆盖。1998年阿尔法多样性(物种丰富度)是较高的城市地块比农村地块,而这两种地块类型有类似的森林结构和相对较少的非本地物种。2015年,我们对这些地块进行了重新采样,以根据植物物种的丰度、覆盖率和大小来调查植物结构、组成和多样性的变化。所有地块中的树木和葡萄藤都经历了最小的结构变化。树苗,灌木和草本植物的丰度都随着时间的推移在农村地块下降。而在城市样地中,只有幼苗层和草本层经历了下降。尽管有较少的结构变化,城市地块表现出更大的变化,在物种组成比农村地块。与1998年一样,农村地区的阿尔法多样性较低。β多样性(社区相异性)之间的农村地块下降,但几乎保持不变,在城市地块,而β营业额(物种营业额)在城市地块要高得多。这些数据表明,城市地块可能有不同的组成轨迹从农村地块,这可能有助于城市森林保留结构相似性,通过功能冗余。
Urban forests often occur as highly fragmented patches with many non-native plant species, altered disturbance regimes, environmental pollutants, and uncertain trajectories of plant community composition. In 1998, the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, a U.S. National Science Foundation-funded Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, established eight forested plots to investigate long-term impacts of urbanization on natural ecosystems. All plots were located in the Baltimore metropolitan area with four in urban forest patches and four in a rural forest. In 1998, these forest patches had closed canopies with well-developed tree, shrub and vine layers, and extensive herbaceous cover. The 1998 alpha diversity (species richness) was higher in urban plots than in rural plots, whereas both plot types had similar forest structure and a relatively small number of non-native species. In 2015, we resampled these plots to investigate changes in plant structure, composition, and diversity based on the abundance, cover, and size of plant species. Trees and vines experienced minimal structural changes in all the plots. Sapling, shrub, and herbaceous abundances all declined over time in the rural plots. In the urban plots, however, only the sapling and herbaceous layers experienced declines. Despite having fewer structural changes, urban plots showed a greater shift in species composition than did rural plots. As in 1998, alpha diversity was lower in the rural plots. Beta diversity (community dissimilarity) decreased among rural plots but remained nearly unchanged in the urban plots, whereas beta turnover (species turnover) was much higher in the urban plots. These data suggest that the urban plots may have divergent compositional trajectories from the rural plots, which may help urban forests retain structural similarities through functional redundancy.
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