The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases.
The evolution of rapid antigen detection systems and their application for COVID-19 and other serious respiratory infectious diseases.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmii.2021.06.003
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发表时间：
2021-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M Plummer M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S Pavia C;M Plummer M
对寻求医疗救助的患者做出正确诊断是执业医生的最终目标，无论患者病情的原因是传染性还是非传染性。抗原检测可用于帮助诊断各种感染相关疾病，包括COVID-19，由于这种疾病的严重性质及其全球流行，抗原检测变得尤为重要。这些测试非常模仿最早的原型之一-尿妊娠测试-因此，它们因其整体简单，成本低和相对准确而获得广泛接受。在某些情况下，特别是作为筛查测试，它们可以用来代替在许多不同情况下仍然有用和有帮助的技术要求更高和更复杂的分子和血清学测定。抗原检测系统是基于发现特定的免疫原性组分，通常是蛋白质或多糖分子，其是病原体或其他生物实体的独特和组成部分。由于这些测试通常只提供定性结果，它们往往需要补充其他，有时更复杂的实验室诊断程序，以证实最初的测试结果。在这篇综述中，我们首先描述了有关抗原检测方法的一般背景信息，包括其总体设计的任何独特方面，然后详细描述了这些检测方法用于检测COVID-19的优点和局限性，并在较小程度上用于检测由三种常见细菌病原体（化脓性链球菌、肺炎链球菌和嗜肺军团菌）引起的其他严重呼吸道疾病。
Making the correct diagnosis of a patient seeking medical attention is the ultimate goal of a practicing physician, irrespective of whether the cause of the patient's condition is infectious or non-infectious. Antigen detection tests can be used to aid in the diagnosis of various infectious-related disorders including COVID-19 where it has become especially important due to the serious nature of this disease and its worldwide prevalence. These tests closely mimic one of the earliest prototypes – the urine pregnancy test – and as a result they have gained wide acceptance based on their overall simplicity, low cost and relative accuracy. In some situations, especially as a screening test, they can be used instead of the more technically demanding and complex molecular and serologic assays that are still useful and helpful under many different circumstances. Antigen detection systems are based on finding a particular immunogenic component, typically a protein or polysaccharide molecule, that is both unique and an integral part of the pathogen or other biological entity. Because these tests generally provide only qualitative results, they often need to be supplemented with other and sometimes more sophisticated laboratory-based diagnostic procedures to corroborate the initial test result. In this review, we first describe general background information on antigen-detection methods, including any unique aspects of their overall design, and then follow with an extensive description on the merits and limitations of these tests for detecting COVID-19 and, to a lesser extent, for other serious respiratory diseases caused by three common bacterial pathogens – Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila.
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