Establishment of a large semi-field system for experimental study of African malaria vector ecology and control in Tanzania.
Establishment of a large semi-field system for experimental study of African malaria vector ecology and control in Tanzania.
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在坦桑尼亚建立一个大型半田系统，用于非洲疟疾媒介生态学和控制的实验研究。
DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-7-158
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发表时间：
2008-08-20
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Knols, Bart G. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferguson, Heather M.;Ng'habi, Kija R.;Walder, Thomas;Kadungula, Demetrius;Moore, Sarah J.;Lyimo, Issa;Russell, Tanya L.;Urassa, Honorathy;Mshinda, Hassan;Killeen, Gerry F.;Knols, Bart G. J.
医学昆虫学家日益认识到，在媒介生物学的实验室实验和现场观察到的流行病学趋势之间进行推断的能力受到这些方法之间出现的概念和方法差距的阻碍，这种差距阻碍了假设驱动的实证研究在相对较大和环境现实的规模上进行。半场系统（SFS）的发展被认为是弥合这一差距的最佳机制。半场系统被定义为封闭环境，理想情况下位于目标病媒的自然生态系统内，并暴露于环境条件下，其中存在其生命周期完成所需的所有特征。虽然SFS作为疟疾病媒生物学研究工具的价值正在得到认可，但世界上只有少数这样的设施，而且规模相对较小（< 100平方米）。介绍了在疟疾传播强度为有史以来最高的坦桑尼亚南部农村地区建立一个面积为625平方米的最先进的按蚊生态和控制大规模实验的情况。在Ifakara卫生研究所，一个带有蚊帐墙和聚乙烯屋顶的温室框架安装在一个凸起的混凝土平台上。该实验室内部被划分为四个独立的工作区域，用于开展各种研究活动，包括自然条件下非洲疟疾病媒的大规模饲养、新型蚊虫控制和诱捕技术的高通量评估、寄主寻找行为和气味的短期分析、在模拟当地村庄家庭环境的封闭环境中，对按蚊种群动态和基因流动进行长期实验调查。Ifakara的SFS在不到两年的时间内完成并准备使用。初步观察结果表明，在SFS内可以获得对按蚊行为的现实和可重复的观察，并且可以在SFS内模拟代表野外条件的生境和气候特征。随着在Ifakara和世界其他地方的SFS开始工作，讨论了成功应用这一工具进行疟疾媒介研究和控制的主要机遇和挑战。
Medical entomologists increasingly recognize that the ability to make inferences between laboratory experiments of vector biology and epidemiological trends observed in the field is hindered by a conceptual and methodological gap occurring between these approaches which prevents hypothesis-driven empirical research from being conducted on relatively large and environmentally realistic scales. The development of Semi-Field Systems (SFS) has been proposed as the best mechanism for bridging this gap. Semi-field systems are defined as enclosed environments, ideally situated within the natural ecosystem of a target disease vector and exposed to ambient environmental conditions, in which all features necessary for its life cycle completion are present. Although the value of SFS as a research tool for malaria vector biology is gaining recognition, only a few such facilities exist worldwide and are relatively small in size (< 100 m2). The establishment of a 625 m2 state-of-the-art SFS for large-scale experimentation on anopheline mosquito ecology and control within a rural area of southern Tanzania, where malaria transmission intensities are amongst the highest ever recorded, is described. A greenhouse frame with walls of mosquito netting and a polyethylene roof was mounted on a raised concrete platform at the Ifakara Health Institute. The interior of the SFS was divided into four separate work areas that have been set up for a variety of research activities including mass-rearing for African malaria vectors under natural conditions, high throughput evaluation of novel mosquito control and trapping techniques, short-term assays of host-seeking behaviour and olfaction, and longer-term experimental investigation of anopheline population dynamics and gene flow within a contained environment that simulates a local village domestic setting. The SFS at Ifakara was completed and ready for use in under two years. Preliminary observations indicate that realistic and repeatable observations of anopheline behaviour are obtainable within the SFS, and that habitat and climatic features representative of field conditions can be simulated within it. As work begins in the SFS in Ifakara and others around the world, the major opportunities and challenges to the successful application of this tool for malaria vector research and control are discussed.
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