Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence.
Adult psychiatric outcomes of bullying and being bullied by peers in childhood and adolescence.
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DOI：
10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.504
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发表时间：
2013-04
期刊：
影响因子：
25.8
通讯作者：
Costello, E. Jane
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Copeland, William E.;Wolke, Dieter;Angold, Adrian;Costello, E. Jane
欺凌的人和欺凌的受害者在童年时期都有精神问题的风险，但尚不清楚这种高风险是否会延伸到成年早期。在考虑了童年的精神问题和家庭困难后，测试童年时期的欺凌和被欺负是否可以预测年轻成年后的精神疾病和自杀行为。这项基于人群的前瞻性研究在9至16岁之间对1420名被欺凌和欺凌的受试者进行了四到六次评估。受试者被归类为仅受欺凌者、仅受欺凌者、受欺凌者和受害者(欺凌受害者)，或者两者都没有。社区样本精神病学结果包括抑郁、焦虑、反社会人格障碍、物质障碍和自杀(包括反复出现的死亡念头、自杀念头或自杀企图)，通过结构化的诊断性访谈在青年时期(19岁、21岁和24/25/26岁)进行评估。受害者和欺凌受害者的青少年精神障碍发生率较高，但儿童精神障碍和家庭困难的比率也较高。在控制了儿童精神问题或家庭困难后，受害者仍然有更高的广场恐怖症(优势比(OR)，4.6%可信区间(CI)，1.7-12.5，P<；0.01)，广泛性焦虑(OR，2.7；95%CI，1.1-6.3，P<；0.001)和惊恐障碍(OR，3.1；95%CI，1.5-6.5，P<；欺负受害者患青壮年抑郁症(OR4.8；95%CI，1.2-19.4，p<；0.05)、惊恐障碍(OR，14.5；95%CI，5.7-36.6，p<；0.001)、广场恐怖症(仅限女性；OR，26.7；95%CI，4.3-52.5，p<；0.001)和自杀(仅限男性：OR：18.5；95%可信区间，6.2%-55.1%，p<；0.0001)。欺负者只有反社会人格障碍的风险(OR，4.1；95%CI，1.1-15.8，p<；0.04)。被欺负的影响是直接的、多方面的和长期的，对那些既是受害者又是欺凌的人的影响最严重。
Both bullies and victims of bullying are at risk for psychiatric problems in childhood, but it is unclear if this elevated risk extends into early adulthood. To test whether bullying and being bullied in childhood predicts psychiatric and suicidality in young adulthood after accounting for childhood psychiatric problems and family hardships. Prospective, population-based study of 1420 subjects with being bullied and bullying assessed four to six times between ages 9 and 16. Subjects were categorized as bullies only, victims only, bullies and victims (bully-victims), or neither. Community sample Psychiatric outcomes included depression, anxiety, antisocial personality disorder, substance disorders, and suicidality (including recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or a suicide attempt) were assessed in young adulthood (ages 19, 21, and 24/25/26) by structured diagnostic interviews. Victims and bully-victims had elevated rates of young adult psychiatric disorder, but also elevated rates of childhood psychiatric disorders and family hardships. After controlling for childhood psychiatric problems or family hardship, victims continued to have higher prevalence of agoraphobia (odds ratio (OR), 4.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7–12.5, p <0.01), generalized anxiety (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.1–6.3, p <0.001), and panic disorder (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5–6.5, p <0.01), and bully-victims were at increased risk of young adult depression (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.2–19.4, p <0.05), panic disorder (OR, 14.5; 95% CI, 5.7–36.6, p <0.001), agoraphobia (females only; OR, 26.7; 95% CI, 4.3–52.5, p <0.001), and suicidality (males only: OR, 18.5; 95% CI, 6.2–55.1, p <0.0001). Bullies were at risk for antisocial personality disorder only (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1–15.8, p < 0.04). The effects of being bullied are direct, pleiotropic and long- lasting with the worst effects for those who are both victims and bullies.
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DOI：
10.1097/chi.0b013e318196b91f
发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Klomek, Anat Brunstein;Sourander, Andre;Gould, Madelyn S.
通讯作者：
Gould, Madelyn S.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Salmivalli, Christina
通讯作者：
Salmivalli, Christina
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Ronning, John A.;Sourander, Andre;Almqvist, Fredrik
通讯作者：
Almqvist, Fredrik
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
ANGOLD, A;COSTELLO, EJ
通讯作者：
COSTELLO, EJ
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Klomek, Anat Brunstein;Sourander, Andre;Gould, Madelyn S.
通讯作者：
Gould, Madelyn S.