Spatial variability and population exposure to PM2.5 pollution from woodsmoke in a New South Wales country town
Spatial variability and population exposure to PM2.5 pollution from woodsmoke in a New South Wales country town
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新南威尔士州乡村小镇木烟造成的 PM2.5 污染的空间变异和人口暴露情况
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.01.059
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
E. Campbell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. L. Robinson;J. Monro;E. Campbell
在1996年的14个冬夜，使用便携式辐射研究浊度计测量了澳大利亚新南威尔士州阿米代尔（一个22,000人的小镇）木材烟雾污染的变化。冬夜的特点是逆温，将空气困在山谷内，使风速降至非常低的速度（平均0.15ms - 1）。污染程度因地点而异。14个测量夜的平均散射系数（bsp/10km）范围从城市边缘欠发达地区的小于1.0到8.7，后者代表PM2.5的14个夜晚平均值为200μgm−3。污染最严重的通常是产生烟雾的山谷两侧的居民区，而不是低洼的中央克里克兰。在一些地方，在4100万年内，平均污染水平增加了4倍。浊度计与重力污染测量值的相关系数为0.95 ~ 0.99。空气污染中存在着大的、突然的但可重复的变化，以及浊度计和重力测量之间的高度相关性表明，移动污染监测设备提供了有用和准确的空间变异性估计。从4月到9月的6个月，整个城镇的估计暴露量为1.02，由于加热器使用减少，10月份为0.25，正常夏季为0.12。相比之下，悉尼公布的浊度计系数分布的第25、50和75百分位数分别为0.15、0.24和0.37。因此，在阿米代尔，每年暴露在木烟中的PM2.5污染是400万人口的悉尼所有来源的两倍多。据国外估计，PM2.5每增加10μgm−3，死亡率就会增加6%，这表明阿米代尔的木质加热器可能会使阿米代尔的死亡率增加约7%，每个木质加热器每年的估计成本约为4270美元。因此，应该开发替代的廉价和环境友好的方法，使房屋在冬天保持温暖，例如太阳能供暖。
A portable radiance research nephelometer was used to measure the variation in woodsmoke pollution in Armidale (a small town of 22,000 people), New South Wales, Australia, on 14 winter nights in 1996. Winter nights are characterised by inversions that trap the air within the valley and reduce winds to very low speeds (averaging 0.15ms−1). Pollution varied considerably with location. Mean scattering coefficients (bsp/10km) for 14 measurement nights ranged from less than 1.0 on the undeveloped fringes of the city to 8.7, the latter representing a 14-night average of 200μgm−3of PM2.5. Pollution was generally highest in the residential areas on either side of the valley, where the smoke was generated, rather than the low-lying central creeklands. In places, average pollution levels increased 4-fold within 41m. The correlation between nephelometer and gravimetric pollution measurements ranged 0.95–0.99. The presence of large, sudden but repeatable changes in air pollution, and high correlations between nephelometer and gravimetric measurements, indicate that mobile pollution monitoring devices provide a useful and accurate estimate of spatial variability. Estimated exposure for the town as a whole was 1.02 for the 6 months from April to September, 0.25 in October as heater use declines, and 0.12 in normal summer months. For comparison, published 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of the distribution of nephelometer coefficients in Sydney were 0.15, 0.24 and 0.37, respectively. Thus annual exposure to PM2.5 pollution in Armidale from woodsmoke is more than double that from all sources in Sydney, a city of 4 million. Overseas estimates of 6% increased mortality for each additional 10μgm−3of PM2.5 suggest that wood heaters in Armidale may increase mortality in Armidale by about 7%, with estimated cost of about $4270 per woodheater per year. Alternative cheap and environmentally friendly methods of keeping houses warm in winter, such as solar heating, should therefore be developed.
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Pope, CA;Burnett, RT;Thurston, GD
通讯作者：
Thurston, GD
影响因子：
5
作者：
NEAS, LM;DOCKERY, DW;SPEIZER, FE
通讯作者：
SPEIZER, FE
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
DOCKERY, DW;POPE, CA;SPEIZER, FE
通讯作者：
SPEIZER, FE