The role of public law-based litigation in tobacco companies' strategies in high-income, FCTC ratifying countries, 2004-14.
The role of public law-based litigation in tobacco companies' strategies in high-income, FCTC ratifying countries, 2004-14.
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DOI：
10.1093/pubmed/fdv068
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stuckler D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steele SL;Gilmore AB;McKee M;Stuckler D
烟草公司使用一系列策略来破坏旨在减少和消除吸烟的公共卫生努力。烟草公司用来破坏烟草控制的国内诉讼的成功、失败和趋势尚不为人所知，评论员经常假设纠纷与贸易有关或本质上是国际性的。我们分析过去十年高收入国家涉及烟草公司和公共卫生行为者的国内法律纠纷，以确定行动类型和案件的成功或失败，制定有效的应对措施。 WorldLii 是一个公开的在线法律存储库，用于识别 2004 年至 2014 年涉及烟草公司的国内法院案件，而来自 LexisNexis 和 Westlaw 数据库的结果数据则用于识别上诉和追踪案件历史。我们确定了英国、澳大利亚和加拿大的六起国内案件，并指出烟草业仅赢得了六起案件中的一起；后来，这一胜利被立法改革和进一步的法庭案件所取代。尽管如此，我们发现案件给政府带来了巨大的资源成本，而且往往跨越多个管辖级别。我们建议，根据我们的结果，虽然诉讼占用大量时间并给卫生部带来法律费用，但政策制定者必须坚决抵制诉讼浪费纳税人资金的说法，并指出赢得此类法律斗争的良好前景。
Tobacco companies use a host of strategies to undermine public health efforts directed to reduce and eliminate smoking. The success, failure and trends in domestic litigation used by tobacco companies to undermine tobacco control are not well understood, with commentators often assuming disputes are trade related or international in nature. We analyse domestic legal disputes involving tobacco companies and public health actors in high-income countries across the last decade to ascertain the types of action and the success or failure of cases, develop effective responses. WorldLii, a publicly available online law repository, was used to identify domestic court cases involving tobacco companies from 2004 to 2014, while outcome data from LexisNexis and Westlaw databases were used to identify appeals and trace case history. We identified six domestic cases in the UK, Australia and Canada, noting that the tobacco industry won only one of six cases; a win later usurped by legislative reform and a further court case. Nevertheless, we found cases involve significant resource costs for governments, often progressing across multiple jurisdictional levels. We suggest that, in light of our results, while litigation takes up significant time and incurs legal costs for health ministries, policymakers must robustly fend off suggestions that litigation wastes taxpayers' money, pointing to the good prospects of winning such legal battles.
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5.2
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