Mitolysosome exocytosis, a mitophagy-independent mitochondrial quality control in flunarizine-induced parkinsonism-like symptoms.

Mitolysosome exocytosis, a mitophagy-independent mitochondrial quality control in flunarizine-induced parkinsonism-like symptoms.
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线粒体溶酶体胞吐作用,一种独立于线粒体自噬的线粒体质量控制,用于氟桂利嗪诱导的帕金森病样症状

DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.abk2376
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发表时间:
2022-04-15
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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线粒体质量控制在维持线粒体稳态和功能中起着重要作用。线粒体质量控制的破坏会降低大脑功能。我们发现氟桂利嗪(FNZ),一种长期使用会导致帕金森病的药物,会导致小鼠出现类似帕金森病的运动功能障碍。FNZ诱导线粒体功能障碍,并减少线粒体质量,特别是在大脑。FNZ降低了神经元和星形胶质细胞的线粒体含量,但不影响黑质多巴胺能神经元的数量。在人类神经祖细胞中,FNZ也诱导线粒体耗竭。在机制上,线粒体独立于ATG5或rab9介导的线粒体自噬,被溶酶体吞噬,随后是囊泡相关膜蛋白2和syntaxin-4依赖的细胞外分泌。全基因组CRISPR敲除筛选鉴定了fnz诱导线粒体消除所需的基因。这些结果不仅揭示了一种以前未被发现的可能参与fnz诱导的帕金森病的线粒体质量控制的溶酶体相关胞吐过程,而且还揭示了一种基于药物的方法来产生线粒体耗尽的哺乳动物细胞。一种常见的处方药氟桂利能消除线粒体,这可能解释了它诱发帕金森病的原因。
Mitochondrial quality control plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and function. Disruption of mitochondrial quality control degrades brain function. We found that flunarizine (FNZ), a drug whose chronic use causes parkinsonism, led to a parkinsonism-like motor dysfunction in mice. FNZ induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased mitochondrial mass specifically in the brain. FNZ decreased mitochondrial content in both neurons and astrocytes, without affecting the number of nigral dopaminergic neurons. In human neural progenitor cells, FNZ also induced mitochondrial depletion. Mechanistically, independent of ATG5- or RAB9-mediated mitophagy, mitochondria were engulfed by lysosomes, followed by a vesicle-associated membrane protein 2– and syntaxin-4–dependent extracellular secretion. A genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen identified genes required for FNZ-induced mitochondrial elimination. These results reveal not only a previously unidentified lysosome-associated exocytosis process of mitochondrial quality control that may participate in the FNZ-induced parkinsonism but also a drug-based method for generating mitochondria-depleted mammal cells. A common prescription drug—flunarizine–eliminates mitochondria, which may explain its induction of parkinsonism.
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