The Evolution of Rag Gene Enhancers and Transcription Factor E and Id Proteins in the Adaptive Immune System.

The Evolution of Rag Gene Enhancers and Transcription Factor E and Id Proteins in the Adaptive Immune System.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms22115888
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发表时间:
2021-05-31
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Miyazaki M
Miyazaki M
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yoshikawa G;Miyazaki K;Ogata H;Miyazaki M

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获得性免疫依赖于免疫球蛋白(IG)和T细胞受体(TCR)基因的V(D)J DNA重组,这使得能够识别高度多样化的抗原并引发抗原特异性免疫应答。这一过程是由重组激活基因(Rag)1和Rag 2(Rag 1/2)介导的,其表达受到细胞类型特异性方式的严格控制; Rag 1/2基因的表达代表淋巴谱系定型的标志。尽管已知Rag基因在有颌脊椎动物中进化保守,但Rag基因如何受谱系特异性转录因子(TF)调控以及其调控系统如何在脊椎动物中进化尚未完全阐明。本文综述了Rag基因的顺式调控元件(cis-regulatory elements,克雷斯)、调控Rag基因克雷斯的基本螺旋-环-螺旋TF E蛋白的进化以及该蛋白的拮抗剂Id蛋白的进化。这可能有助于理解适应性免疫系统如何随着负责的TF和增强子的进化而沿着发展。
Adaptive immunity relies on the V(D)J DNA recombination of immunoglobulin (Ig) and T cell receptor (TCR) genes, which enables the recognition of highly diverse antigens and the elicitation of antigen-specific immune responses. This process is mediated by recombination-activating gene (Rag) 1 and Rag2 (Rag1/2), whose expression is strictly controlled in a cell type-specific manner; the expression of Rag1/2 genes represents a hallmark of lymphoid lineage commitment. Although Rag genes are known to be evolutionally conserved among jawed vertebrates, how Rag genes are regulated by lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs) and how their regulatory system evolved among vertebrates have not been fully elucidated. Here, we reviewed the current body of knowledge concerning the cis-regulatory elements (CREs) of Rag genes and the evolution of the basic helix-loop-helix TF E protein regulating Rag gene CREs, as well as the evolution of the antagonist of this protein, the Id protein. This may help to understand how the adaptive immune system develops along with the evolution of responsible TFs and enhancers.
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