A Double Dissociation between Anterior and Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus for Processing Audiovisual Speech Demonstrated by Electrocorticography.
A Double Dissociation between Anterior and Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus for Processing Audiovisual Speech Demonstrated by Electrocorticography.
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_01110
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Beauchamp MS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ozker M;Schepers IM;Magnotti JF;Yoshor D;Beauchamp MS
人类的语音可以理解，只使用听觉信息从说话者的声音。然而，如果说话者的脸是可见的，特别是如果听觉信息在嘈杂的环境中或听力损失的情况下发生退化，则理解会得到改善。我们探讨了视听言语知觉的神经基板使用皮层电图，直接记录神经活动，使用电极植入在皮层表面。我们观察到一个双重分离的视听语音与清晰和嘈杂的听觉成分内的上级颞回（STG），一个区域长期以来被认为是重要的语音感知的反应。前STG表现出更大的神经活动，视听语音清晰的听觉成分，而后STG表现出类似或更大的神经活动，视听语音中的语音被替换为语音样噪声。观察到两种反应模式之间的明显边界，由对应于Heschl脑回后缘的地标划分。为了进一步研究这两个区域的计算作用，我们考虑了多感觉整合的贝叶斯模型，该模型预测，将不同形式的独立信息源结合起来，应该可以减少神经反应的变异性。我们通过测量单个视听单词的神经反应的变化来测试这一预测。后STG表现出较小的变异性比前STG在介绍视听语音与噪声听觉成分。两者合计，这些结果表明，后STG，而不是前STG是重要的多感官整合嘈杂的听觉和视觉语音。
Human speech can be comprehended using only auditory information from the talker’s voice. However, comprehension is improved if the talker’s face is visible, especially if the auditory information is degraded as occurs in noisy environments or with hearing loss. We explored the neural substrates of audiovisual speech perception using electrocorticography, direct recording of neural activity using electrodes implanted on the cortical surface. We observed a double dissociation in the responses to audiovisual speech with clear and noisy auditory component within the superior temporal gyrus (STG), a region long known to be important for speech perception. Anterior STG showed greater neural activity to audiovisual speech with clear auditory component, whereas posterior STG showed similar or greater neural activity to audiovisual speech in which the speech was replaced with speech-like noise. A distinct border between the two response patterns was observed, demarcated by a landmark corresponding to the posterior margin of Heschl’s gyrus. To further investigate the computational roles of both regions, we considered Bayesian models of multisensory integration, which predict that combining the independent sources of information available from different modalities should reduce variability in the neural responses. We tested this prediction by measuring the variability of the neural responses to single audiovisual words. Posterior STG showed smaller variability than anterior STG during presentation of audiovisual speech with noisy auditory component. Taken together, these results suggest that posterior STG but not anterior STG is important for multisensory integration of noisy auditory and visual speech.
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影响因子：
5.7
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