A guide to measuring phagosomal dynamics.
A guide to measuring phagosomal dynamics.
复制标题
测量吞噬动力学的指南。
DOI：
10.1111/febs.15506
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Mantegazza AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levin-Konigsberg R;Mantegazza AR
在货物被吞噬细胞吞噬后，吞噬体在迷宫旅程中依次经历成熟和分解，该迷宫旅程涉及与内溶酶体系统以及其他细胞器和细胞途径的串扰。在本指南中，我们讨论了研究这一动态过程的不同方法，强调了它们的优点和局限性，同时强调了需要新战略来克服技术挑战和解决我们现有知识差距的领域。 吞噬作用是免疫和稳态的基本机制，由称为吞噬细胞的细胞亚群执行。在目标吞噬后，重新形成称为吞噬体的专门隔室。吞噬体然后经历一系列融合和分裂事件，因为它们与内溶酶体系统和其他细胞器相互作用，在称为吞噬体成熟的动态过程中。由于吞噬细胞在组织巡逻和免疫监视中起关键作用，因此吞噬体成熟与将吞噬作用与抗原呈递和适应性免疫应答的发展联系起来的信号传导途径相关。此外，根据货物的性质，吞噬体的完整性可能会受到损害，引发额外的细胞机制，包括炎症和自噬。在完成成熟后，吞噬体进入最近描述的阶段：吞噬体分解，其中来自降解货物的催化剂被代谢，吞噬体被再吸收，并且吞噬体来源的囊泡被再循环。最后，吞噬细胞恢复稳态，并准备进行新一轮的吞噬。总而言之，吞噬体成熟和分解包括一系列动态事件和细胞器串扰，可以通过本指南中描述的生化、成像、光致发光、细胞计数和基于免疫的测定来测量。
After cargo engulfment by phagocytic cells, phagosomes sequentially undergo maturation and resolution in a labyrinth journey that involves crosstalk with the endolysosomal system, as well as other organelles and cellular pathways. In this guide, we discuss different methodologies to study this dynamic process, highlighting their advantages and limitations while stressing areas of the field in need of new strategies to overcome technical challenges and address gaps in our current knowledge. Phagocytosis is an essential mechanism for immunity and homeostasis, performed by a subset of cells known as phagocytes. Upon target engulfment, de novo formation of specialized compartments termed phagosomes takes place. Phagosomes then undergo a series of fusion and fission events as they interact with the endolysosomal system and other organelles, in a dynamic process known as phagosome maturation. Because phagocytes play a key role in tissue patrolling and immune surveillance, phagosome maturation is associated with signaling pathways that link phagocytosis to antigen presentation and the development of adaptive immune responses. In addition, and depending on the nature of the cargo, phagosome integrity may be compromised, triggering additional cellular mechanisms including inflammation and autophagy. Upon completion of maturation, phagosomes enter a recently described phase: phagosome resolution, where catabolites from degraded cargo are metabolized, phagosomes are resorbed, and vesicles of phagosomal origin are recycled. Finally, phagocytes return to homeostasis and become ready for a new round of phagocytosis. Altogether, phagosome maturation and resolution encompass a series of dynamic events and organelle crosstalk that can be measured by biochemical, imaging, photoluminescence, cytometric, and immune‐based assays that will be described in this guide.
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